年产150万吨中东原油常压塔设计【毕业论文】.doc

本科毕业论文 （20 届） 年产150万吨中东原油常压塔设计 专业：化学工程与工艺  摘要 原油常压蒸馏作为原油加工的一次加工工艺，在原有加工流程中占有很重要的作用，其运行的好坏直接影响到整个原油加工的过程。而在蒸馏加工的过程中最重要的分离设备就是常压塔。因此，常压塔的设计好坏对能否获得高效益，高品质的成品油有着直接的影响。 本次设计的常压塔是原油炼制工艺过程的中期塔设备。设计时要考虑实际要求，遵循塔设备的设计原则，主要有总体结构设计，零部件结构设计，参数设计，和设计实施这几个过程。在这个不断设计过程中，可供评估的方案越多，评估体系越完善，最终确定的设计方案越理想。本设计的基本过程：第一章主要阐述了设计的背景和常压塔的基本知识；第二章是从各环节进行了设计和计算；第三章及后面主要讲了对已设计的方案进行校核，对各部件的选型，换热流程。 [关键词]：原油；常压蒸馏；物料衡算；热量衡算；塔；换热 Abstract The tower equipment is one kind of common process equipment. In the process industrial production it has an important impact to the production efficiency, the energy use factor, the environmental protection and so on. As the process industry is pivotal to national economys development function, we must take seriously the tower equipments research. Its life cycle contains the design, manufac ture, installation and maintenance, and other aspects. Design-led, its advantages and disadvantages, both impact the following process. The design of the tower is the early-run oil refining process of pre-tower equipment. When design we must consider to request actual, to follow the tower equipments principle of design, which experience the demand analysis, the goal limits, the gross structure design, the spare part structural design, the parameter design and the design implements these processes. In this unceasing decision-makings process, may supply the appraisal the plan to be more, the appraisal system to be more perfect, determined finally the design proposal is more ideal. The success process equipment design must finally balance three aspect requests. The instruct tion booklet has reflected the design unit process. The first chapter mainly elaborated the design background and the tower elementary knowledge; The second chapter has carried on machinerys design and the shaping from the whole and part various links; The third rules to the plan which designs have carried on each kind of load the computation as well as the examination, the examination qualified can prove t