年处理量150万吨常减压蒸馏装置-----常压系统工艺设计【毕业论文】.doc

本科毕业论文 （20 届） 年处理量150万吨常减压蒸馏装置常压系统工艺设计 常减压蒸馏装置常系统工艺设计—常压塔的设计，是能否获得高收率、高质量油的关键。近年来常减压蒸馏技术和管理经验不断创新，装置节能消耗显著，产品质量提高。但与国外先进水平相比，仍存在较大的差距。 为了更好地提高原油的生产能力，本着投资少，能耗低，效益高的思想对伊朗轻质原油进行常压蒸馏设计。设计的基本方案是：常压塔采用三侧线，常压塔塔顶生产石脑油，三个侧线分别生产航煤，轻柴油，重柴油。设计了一个常压塔一段汽化蒸馏装置，此装置由一台管式加热炉、一个常压塔以及若干台换热器（完善的换热流程应达到要求：充分利用各种余热；换热器的换热强度较大；原油流动压力降较小。）冷凝冷却器、机泵等组成，在常压塔外侧为侧线产品设汽提塔。流程简单，投资和操作费用较少。原油在这样的蒸馏装置下，可以得到350-360℃以前的几个馏分，可以用作石脑油、煤油、轻柴油、重柴油产品，也可分别作为重整化工（如轻油裂解）等装置的原料。蒸余的塔底重油可作钢铁或其它工业的燃料。在某些特定的情况下也可以作催化裂化或加氢裂化装置的原料。本次设计共用34块浮阀塔板，塔距0.8m，塔径4.2m，塔高28.51m.换热流程一共通过9次换热达到工艺要求，换热效率是66%。 [关键词]原油；常压蒸馏；物料衡算；热量衡算；换热 Abstract This design mainly regards to which Iran lightweight crude oil are distilled by a process capacity of 1.5×104t/a in normal pressures。 Atmospheric and vacuum distillation unit will be split into a crude processing products and secondary processing products. Once processed products including: straight-run gasoline, kerosene, light diesel oil and various oil fractions, these distillate oil through proper refining and allocate became eligible petroleum products .Secondary processing can improve yield and quality of the light, can also act as a petrochemical production materials. So often depends on the entire oil vacuum distillation process of material balance, known as the leading oil processing. There are kinds of important separate equipment---- normal pressures columns, which is the key to attain high efficient, high quality oil. In recent years, firstly the distilling technique of normal pressures and manage experience were innovated constantly; secondly equipments’ effect of saving energy is remarkable; thirdly product quality was improved. But compare to international advanced techniques, there are a long distance. In order to improve the product ability of crude oil, In the principle of shoestring, low—energy consumption, high-efficiency, designing the normal pressures distillion of Iran lightweight crude oil. The basic designing scheme is: atmospheric tower adopt three lateral line,