25TM塔式起重机设计【毕业论文】.doc

本科毕业论文 （20 届） 25TM塔式起重机设计 专业：机械设计制造及其自动化 摘 要 由于生产发展提出新的使用要求，起重机的种类、形式也需要相应地发展和创新，性能参数也需要不断变化与完善, 本课题主要研究25TM塔式起重机总体和变幅机构, 吊臂作为塔式起重机金属结构的主要部件，其设计计算方法将直接影响整台塔机的设计质量和塔机运行的安全可靠性。而随着塔机向大型、重载和超高超长的方向发展，吊臂的设计尤其显得重要。于是寻求一种快速、方便、可靠的设计方法已成为塔机开发者急需解决的问题。对提高塔机设计效率、缩短设计周期和增加塔机运行的安全可靠性具有重要的意义和实用价值 。依据GB/T13752-92《塔式起重机设计规范》，用多跨连续外伸梁结构方式,以塔机单吊点水平起重臂作为研究对象,分析了其在各种载荷作用下起升平面内受力情况，根据臂架的工作特点和性能要求,对吊点位置和型钢合理优化设计,建立了臂架控制截面应力分布最均衡和臂架最轻的结构优化数学模型,编制了臂架结构应力计算过程,选取不同的校核段进行了详细计算,并将校核段的不同选择对计算结果的影响进行了对比分析. 计算表明合理优化设计后典型工况下臂架各危险截面的应力分布和臂架重量均能够使设计的塔式起重机吊臂结构优、材料省、可靠性高。对额定载荷的承载能力和主要机构进行分析计算及校核，以达到塔机整体的一个优化设计的效果。优化变幅机构，使其满足物料装卸工作位置要求，充分利用自身的起吊能力，实现改变幅度的工作机构，并用来扩大塔式起重机的工作范围，提高生产率。 关键词： 起重臂；优化设计；截面；校核 Abstract Crane tower crane arm as a major part of the metal structure, its design calculation method will directly affect the whole sets of design quality and installing oxided safety and reliability of the operation. And as to large, heavy oxided flat-footed and high direction development, the arm design especially important. Then seek a fast, convenient and reliable design method has become urgent problems installing and developers. To improve the design efficiency and shorten the tower design cycle and increase the safety and reliability of the tower operation has important significance and practical value.Based GB/T13752-92 "tower crane design", with multi-span continuous beam structure extended approach to single-tower suspension points and the boom for the study, analyzed the various loads in lifting plane within the force, according to arm work characteristics and performance requirements, right lifting positions and optimal design of steel and reasonable to establish the stress distribution in the control section boom and jib the most balanced lightest structural optimization model is developed arm structural stress calculation, select a different section of a detailed calculation of check, and check the different options section of the calculation results were compared. Calculations