5.研究人员发现“减肥细菌”.docVIP

PNAS：研究人员发现“减肥细菌” 2013-05-16?来源：生物360?作者：koo?260?0收藏(1) 近日，比利时研究人员通过研究一种肠道细菌发现，含有这种细菌的液体培养基能大大改变肥胖老鼠的健康状况。相关研究报告发表在《美国国家科学院院刊》上。 比利时鲁汶天主教大学的研究人员给比正常老鼠的脂肪多两至三倍的老鼠喂了一种被称为?Akkermansia muciniphila?的细菌，在不改变其饮食的情况下，它们的多余体重减少了近一半，而且其体内II型糖尿病的主要症状——胰岛素抗体水平——也降低了。 这种细菌通常占肠道细菌的 3-5%，但肥胖者体内这种细菌少。研究显示，增加这种细菌导致肠道粘液屏障变厚，从而阻止某些物质从肠道进入血液，也改变了来自消化系统的化学信号，促使身体其他部位改变处理脂肪的方式。 此外，在食物中添加一种纤维，促使这种细菌数量增加，也得到了同样的结果。 鲁汶天主教大学教授帕特里斯?卡尼说：“这无疑是个进步。虽然我们还不能完全逆转肥胖，但大大减少了脂肪量。这首次显示了一个特定菌群与改善新陈代谢之间的直接联系。” 原文检索： Brian Owens.?Gut microbe may fight obesity and diabetes. Nature, 13 May 2013; doi:10.1038/nature.2013.12975 Amandine Everard, Clara Belzer, Patrice D. Cani et al.?Cross-talk between Akkermansia muciniphila and intestinal epithelium controls diet-induced obesity. PNAS May 13, 2013; doi:10.1073/pnas.1219451110 Cross-talk between?Akkermansia muciniphila?and intestinal epithelium controls diet-induced obesity Abstract Obesity and type 2 diabetes are characterized by altered gut microbiota, inflammation, and gut barrier disruption. Microbial composition and the mechanisms of interaction with the host that affect gut barrier function during obesity and type 2 diabetes have not been elucidated. We recently isolated?Akkermansia muciniphila, which is a mucin-degrading bacterium that resides in the mucus layer. The presence of this bacterium inversely correlates with body weight in rodents and humans. However, the precise physiological roles played by this bacterium during obesity and metabolic disorders are unknown. This study demonstrated that the abundance of?A. muciniphila?decreased in obese and type 2 diabetic mice. We also observed that prebiotic feeding normalized?A. muciniphila?abundance, which correlated with an improved metabolic profile. In addition, we demonstrated that?A. muciniphila?treatment reversed high-fat diet-induced metabolic disorders, including fat-mass gain, metabolic endotoxemia, adipose tissue inflammation, and insulin resistance.?A. muciniphila?administration increased the int