【机械类文献翻译】轴.pdf

Shaft Shaft SShhaafftt Solid shafts. Solid shafts. SSoolliidd sshhaaffttss.. As a machine component a shaft is commonly a cylindrical bar that supports androtates with devices for receiving anddelivering rotary motion andtorque .The crankshaft of a reciprocating engine receive its rotary motion from each of the cranks, via the pistons and connecting roads (the slider-crank mechanisms), and delivers it by means of couplings, gears, chains or belts to the transmission, camshaft, pumps, and other devices. The camshafts, driven by a gear or chain from the crankshaft, has only one receiver or input, but each cam on the shaft delivers rotarymotiontothevalve-actuatingmechanisms. An axle is usually defined as a stationary cylindrical member on which wheels and pulleys can rotate, but the rotating shafts that drive the rear wheels of an automobile are also called axles, no doubt a carryover from horse-and-buggy days. It is common practice to speak short shafts on machinesasspindles,especiallytool-carryingorwork-carryingshaftsonmachinetools. In the days when all machines in a shop were driven by one large electric motor or prime mover, it was necessary to have long line shafts running length of the shop and supplying power, bybelt,toshortercoutershafts,jackshafts,orheadshafts.Theseline shafts were assembled form separate lengths of shafting clampled together byrigid couplings. Although it is usually more convenient to drive each machine with a separate electric motor, and the present-day trend is in this direction, there are still some oil engine receives its rotary motion from each of the cranks, via the pistons and connecting roads (the slider-crank mechanisms) , and delivers it by means of couplings, gears, chains or belts to the transmission, camshaft, pumps, and