论阿根廷“黄金时代”.pdfVIP

摘 要 摘 要 1880——1914年，阿根廷进入了现代化发展的“黄金时代”。19世纪初，阿根廷摆 脱了宗主国的殖民统治,却又陷入了长期的国内混战和纷争,这严重限制了阿根廷发展 的进程。在自由主义思潮的影响下，阿根廷要求与欧洲国家自由通商,力图通过吸引利 用外资和移民，发展对外贸易，走经济发展捷径，改变国家贫穷落后面貌。19世纪下半 叶，欧美主要资本主义国家工业经济迅速发展工业大生产对国际市场的需求加大,为具 备农牧业优势的阿根廷创造了实现快速发展的外部条件。对欧洲市场农产品和畜牧产品 的出口成为世纪之交的阿根廷大发展的经济支柱, 阿根廷成为“世界粮仓和肉库”。这 一时期，在初级产品出口经济发展带动下，阿根廷成为拉美地区铁路最发达的国家；大 庄园主要种植经济作物，实行资本主义生产方式，形成外向型经济；随着外贸的发展， 国内城乡经济得到发展，国民经济出现了繁荣景象。阿根廷步入现代化建设快车道，成 为发展中国家较早开始工业化的国家，为日后建立独立的拉美现代化强国奠定了基础。 本文通过对19世纪末20世纪初阿根廷国内形势和国际环境的分析，从整体上系统地探 讨了阿根廷在大发展时期，经济社会发展的成败得失。 关键词 阿根廷 经济 大发展 I Abstract Abstract With the country fully united, Argentina’s golden age (1880-1914) for modern development began. Although Argentina broke away from colonial rule in early 19th century, it suffered from the long-term domestically tangled fight and dissension afterwards, which seriously restrained Argentina’s progress of development. In the preliminary stage of independence, under the influence of liberalism, Argentina advocated free business with European countries so as to develop foreign trade and domestic economy, and to lift the whole nation from the state of poverty through attracting foreign capital and immigrants. Besides, in the second half of 19th century, some powerful capitalist countries in America and Europe were being converted to imperialist countries with a big demand on international market. This created the external conditions for Argentina to realize fast development. At the turn of the century, the export of agricultural products and livestock products to European market, which made Argentina the “Global warehouse for grain and meat”, became the backbone