论诉讼诈骗行为刑法规制.pdfVIP

摘 要 随着我国法治进程的推进，人们的法律意识不断增强，越来越多的人开始认可法律 在社会生活中的作用和意义。但是，与此同时，一些消极现象也开始在诉讼领域中悄然 出现，并有愈演愈烈之势，在民事诉讼中盛行的诉讼诈骗行为就是其中之一。所谓诉讼 诈骗，是指行为人以非法占有为目的，以提起民事诉讼为手段，隐瞒事实真相或虚构事 实、伪造证据，使法院作出有利于自己的判决，从而使自己或第三人获得财物或财产上 不法利益的行为。 诉讼诈骗行为的主观方面具有“故意”和“非法占有为目的”的特征，在客观构造 上与普通诈骗行为有着质的同一性，因而，在现行的立法框架下，可以成立诈骗罪。但 是，将诉讼诈骗行为认定为普通诈骗罪并不是对该行为在刑法上的全面评价，因为其侵 害的客体具有双重性，有别于普通诈骗罪的单一客体。实际上，它与普通诈骗行为之间 是特殊与一般的关系。所以，从应然的角度考虑，应该对其单独设罪。 将诉讼诈骗行为单独设罪有其必要性与合理性：首先，它符合国内外诈骗罪的立法 模式；其次，它也是罪刑法定和罪刑均衡等刑法基本原则的要求；再次，它同时符合刑 法谦抑性原则。在刑法分则体系的具体安排上，应该根据它所侵害的主要客体来确定。 在个罪具体内容设想方面，罪名采用“诉讼诈骗罪”较为合适，一方面，它可以体现诉 讼诈骗与普通诈骗行为之间是特殊与一般的关系，另一方面，也有利于保持刑法用语的 统一性与协调性；罪状与法定刑的设计则可以参照现行刑法对金融诈骗罪的相关规定。 关键词：诉讼诈骗；三角诈骗；诈骗罪；错误；交付行为；客体 I Abstract With the process of rule by law carrying forward in our country, people’s law consciousness strengthens continuously, and more and more people begin to approbate law’s function and meaning in social life. But, in the meantime, some negative phenomenon also begin to appear quietly in the lawsuit field, moreover, they have the trend of becoming more and more serious, among which the prevalent act of fraud by lawsuit in civil lawsuit is the one. Fraud by lawsuit means the act that the actor has the intention of illegal occupancy, takes the civil lawsuit as a method, conceals the truth of facts or makes up facts, forges evidence, makes the court have a judgment in favor of himself (or herself), and make himself (or herself) or the third party get property or illegal interests on property. The subjective aspect of fraud by lawsuit has the characteristics of “intent” and the intention of illegal occupancy. Its objective constitution has the same nature as that of the common act of fraud. So, under the present legislative framew