论我国刑事审判中法官职权正当性和适当性.pdf

Abstract The judicial independence is the independence of trial,which requests the judge to obey the law to engage the trial,being free from any interference of outside,namely the judge exercises the judicial authority independently.The criminal judicial authority is composed of the trying and the judgement,but we neglected to carry on the thorough study and analysis for the criminal judicial authority for long time.On the criminal trial,the power of the judge comes from the criminal authority,it is the power, which is gived the judge by law for finding out the case facts or assuring the criminal trial.Firstly, definiting the scientific content of the power of the judge in the criminal trial; Secondly, investigating the justification of the power of the judge from the history and theory; pointing out the relation between the justification and appropriateness of the judge in the criminal trial; Lastly inquiring the judge position in the criminal trial of our country. In the foundation, elaborating the degree of the power of the judge in the criminal trial in our country, namely the appropriateness. Key Words: the criminal trial; the power of the judge; the justification; the appropriateness. 引 言 审判是刑事诉讼的重要阶段，在此阶段，被追诉者的刑事责任问 题要得到最终确定，法院要对被告人是否有罪以及是否处以刑罚的问 题作出权威裁决。刑事审判权具体由法官行使，它可以分为审理和裁 判两个方面。所谓“审理”，是指法官在诉讼当事人及参与人的参加 下，审核各种证据，查清案件事实并审理如何正确适用法律的活动； 所谓“裁判”是指法官依据审理查清的案件事实和法律，对案件的实 体问题或某些程序问题作出权威性裁决。 除此之外，法官还拥有庭前审查权、庭外调查权、庭审处罚权等， 上述权力似乎不宜笼而统之地划入审判权的范畴。为了研究方便，笔 者将这些权力归结为法官职权，即为了查明案件事实或保障刑事庭审 的顺利进行，由法律赋予法官的必要权力。从本质上看，它源于刑事 审判权，应在审判权的范围内行使。 法官职权从刑事诉讼诞生的那一刻起，就存在了。随着历史演进， 形成了两大法系法官职权的迥异。刑事审判中法官职权正当性源于裁 判的正义性，实现刑事审判目的；还源于人们对诉讼经济性