温度,热传递,热力学第一定律.pdfVIP

Chapter 13 temperature, heat transfer, and first law of thermodynamics Thermodynamics study the thermal energy (often called the internal energy) of systems. The central concept of thermodynamics is temperature. Temperature is one of the seven SI base quantities. What is temperature? Sense of hot and cold is not always reliable. 1 §13.1 Some important concepts 1. The simple thermodynamic system A thermodynamic system is defined as a collection of many particles such as atoms and/or molecules. A simple thermodynamic system is a system that is macroscopic, homogeneous, isotropic, uncharged, chemically inert, and experiences no change in its total mechanical energy. The system is sufficiently large that surface effects can be neglect. No electric or magnetic fields are present, and gravitational fields are irrelevant. §13.1 Some important concepts 2. Thermal equilibrium Put two system in thermal contact, after long enough time, if their properties (for instance: the temperature) do not change, they are in thermal equilibrium. 3. The zeroth law of thermodynamics 2 §13.1 Some important concepts If body A and B are each in thermal equilibrium with a third body T, then they are in thermal equilibrium with each other. Every body has a property called temperature. When two bodies are in thermal equilibrium, we say that they have same temperature. And vice versa. 4. Temperature There exists a scalar quantity called temperature, which is a property of all thermodynamics systems in equilibrium. Two systems are in thermal equilibrium if and only if their temperatures are equal. §13.1 Some important concepts Measuring temperature: 1types of thermometer By using some physical properties of matter— thermometric property that change