尘肺论文：计算机辅助诊断尘肺研究.docVIP

尘肺论文：计算机辅助诊断尘肺的研究 【中文摘要】尘肺是目前中国最严重的一种职业病。据报道,最近几年里仅煤炭行业每年新增的尘肺病患者就达5万余人,而在全部的职业病患者中,尘肺病人大约占据了90%以上。因此开发一种尘肺的计算法辅助诊断的技术对于尘肺的防治具有非常重要的意义。尘肺以各种形状和尺寸的结节为影像学的主要表现。目前对尘肺最有效的诊断手段是高分辨率的计算机断层扫描技术。相比胸部x光片,结节能够清楚的成像在CT影像中,不会被骨骼,肌肉等组织所遮挡。但是高分辨率同样也导致了医生的工作量过大。并且尘肺的诊断主要依靠医生的个人经验,容易出现误诊的情况。本文提出了一种计算机辅助诊断的技术来帮助医生对尘肺进行诊断和分类。首先我们设计了一种基于海森矩阵的增强函数,分别提取图像中的结节和血管。然后从通过减去血管和利用结节的几何特征进行识别的方式来降低提取出的结节的伪阳率。最后利用支持向量机进行尘肺的分类。但是由于复杂的肺部结构和尘肺导致的病变,大量的血管和气管组织被误认为结节,严重干扰了尘肺分类的准确性。本文设法降低了结节提取时的伪阳率,并且按照尘肺病例的特点设计了分类的特征。在进行尘肺病例的分类时,实验针对一个包含了139个尘肺病例的数据包进行验证。根据医生的诊断,这些病例被分为2型和3型,其中3型病例又可以进一步的被分为3-i型和3-ro型。平均分类的准确度达到了80%左右。3-i型和3-ro型的分类准确度则准确度降低到60%左右。本文在最后提出了提高3-i型和3-ro型分类准确度的研究方向和方法。 【英文摘要】Pneumoconiosis is the most serious occupational diseases in China. It is reported that in coal industry the number of new pneumoconiosis patients announced have been up to nearly 57 thousands in recent years. The new cases of pneumoconiosis account for about 90% in total cases of occupational diseases. So it is important to develop a computer-aided diagnosis of pneumoconiosis to assist radiologists.The major finding of pneumoconiosis in radiology is nodular opacities in various shapes and sizes. At present, the high-resolution CT scan of thorax is a dominant diagnostic approach. Comparing to chest X-ray images, the pneumoconiosis can clearly manifest itself on volumes data, not be covered by muscle or bones. However, the high resolution of CT scan also means heavy workload for radiologists. In addition, the diagnosis of pneumoconiosis mainly depends on of radiologists?experience. It may lead to misdiagnosis.Our research aims to develop a computer-aided diagnosis system to assist radiologists to make a diagnosis of pneumoconiosis. At first we designed two enhancement filters based on Hessian matrix to extract nodules and vessels respectively. Then we eliminated false positives by subtracting vessels from nodules and checking nodules based on geometric features. Finally the types of pneumoconiosis are classified by SV