常微分方程初步 自治方程与人口模型 (英文).pdfVIP

Autonomous Equations Population Dynamics Section 2.5 in Boyce and DiPrima Wenhan Wang Department of Mathematics University of Washington 10-08-2012 10-10-2012 Wenhan Wang Department of Mathematics University of WashingtonFirst Order ODE() 10-08-2012 10-10-2012 1 / 26 Autonomous Equations Recall that the general form for first order ODE is dy f t y dt If f t y is a function only in y , then the ODE becomes dy f y dt Such equations are called autonomous equations. Such equations do not contain explicitly the independent variable t. The rate of change of y t depends only on y itself. This property fits many mathematical models for dynamical systems, including population models. Wenhan Wang Department of Mathematics University of WashingtonFirst Order ODE() 10-08-2012 10-10-2012 2 / 26 Properties of Autonomous Equations Autonomous equations are always separable: dy 1 dy f y 1 0 dt f y dt The solution is given by dy t c as long as f y 0. f y What if f y 0? The separation of variables does not work, as we are missing constant functions as solutions. Wenhan Wang Department of Mathematics University of WashingtonFirst Order ODE() 10-08-2012 10-10-2012 3 / 26 Stab