动词、非谓语动词专项.docVIP

初三英语中考二轮复习 专项之 ------动词、非谓语动词 A、动词可以分为四类。 一、实义动词（行为动词） 1. 不及物动词。不能直接跟宾语，常需加介词后才能跟宾语。如：listen (to), look (for/at) 2. 及物动词。后面必须跟宾语，意义才完整。在及物动词+副词构成动副搭配时，代词放中间。如：give it up 3. 注意区分几组易混淆的同义动词。 look-see-watch-read, say-speak-talk-tell, borrow-lend, bring-take, listen-hear, look for-find-find out, put on-wear-dress, forget-leave 4. 有些及物动词后可以跟双宾语，即直接宾语（表物）和间接宾语（表人），间接宾语通常位于直接宾语之前，若颠倒两者的位置，则通常在间接宾语前加一个介词（to或for）。 二、连系动词 常见的连系动词有be, become, turn, get, grow, keep, feel, look, seem, smell, fall, sound，etc. 系动词通常无被动。 三、掌握助动词do, does, did, have, has, will, would等的用法 四、注意使役动词let, make, have和感官动词see, hear, watch, feel, notice的用法（后接不带to的动词不定式） B. 非谓语动词共有三种：不定式、动名词和分词 一、不定式的句法功能。 1. 作主语。不定式作主语时，为了保持句子平衡，往往以it作形式主语。 如：收到你的来信真好。___________________________________________________ 2. 作宾语。通常用于want, hope, wish, like, need, hate, begin, start, remember, agree, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help等词后。 3. 作表语 4. 作定语。不定式作定语时，须放在它所修饰的名词或代词后。 5. 作宾补。通常用于want, wish, ask, order, tell, know, help, advise, allow, cause, force等词后。 6. 作状语 7. 作独立成分。如：跟你说实话，我撒了一个谎。_________________________________________ 8. “疑问句+不定式”结构 9. 不定式的否定式 二、动名词。动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能。 后面常接动名词的动词和短语：mind, enjoy, finish, consider, practice, keep, suggest, allow, be worth doing, be used to doing, be busy doing, can’t help doing, it is no good doing, it is no use doing, look forward to doing, pay attention to doing, devote to doing, lead to doing, prefer doing to doing 三、分词。 分词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有形容词和副词的句法功能，分为现在分词和过去分词两类。现在分词表主动、正在进行，过去分词表示被动、完成。 五年中考真题： 1. World Expo 2010 Shanghai China __ people from all over the world to the theme “Better City, Better Life.” A. attends B. attracts C. allows D. advises 2. He ___ his umbrella to me yesterday, so I didn’t get wet. A. borrowed B. kept C. lent D. bought 3. It is a good habit to__ all your things in correct places. A. put away B. put up C. put out D. put off 4. –Will his new novel _______ in September this year? --Yes, we are all looking forward to it.