绿色化学课件Ch2d.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Chapter 2: Atom Economy - Avoiding Waste Green Chemistry Chapter 2: Atom Economy 100 % atom economy Green Chemistry Chapter 2: Atom Economy Outline 2.1 Environmental Factor: E 2.2 Where Does Chemical Waste Come From 2.3 Atom Economy 2.4 Examples of Atom Economy 2.5 Design Atom-Economic Reactions 2.1 Environmental Factor: E Roger A.Sheldon in 1992 It is used to quantify the effects of production process to the environment Idea: All other compounds formed other than the target product are considered to be WASTE. Green Chemistry Chapter 2: Atom Economy Environmental Factor: If the atom Utilization = 100% E = 0 The more waste formed, the higher of E and the more serious of the pollution Green Chemistry Chapter 2: Atom Economy The Environmental Factor Industries Product tonnage E Petrol 106 ~ 108 ~ 0.1 Bulk Chemicals 104 ~10 6 1 ~ 5 Fine Chemicals 102 ~ 1 04 5 ~ 50 Pharmacy 10 ~ 103 25 ~ 100 Green Chemistry Chapter 2: Atom Economy Sheldon, R. A. Green Chem., 2007, 9, 1273. Is the actual amount of waste formed in the process, including solvent losses, acids and bases used in work-up, process aids, and, in principle, waste from energy production. Can be derived from amount of raw materials purchased /amount of product sold, i.e., from the mass balance: E= [raw materials-product]/product. A good way to quickly show the enormity of the waste problem. The Environmental Factor Green Chemistry