ChinaDaily国庆赠刊9.13.docVIP

ChinaDaily国庆赠刊9.13 Updated: 2009-10-09 15:51 【编者按】Housing is a key benchmark for living conditions. Here are some accounts of remarkable changes made in this sector since the founding of New China.小康不小康，关键看住房。作为民众生活的必需品，住房关系到千家万户的安居乐业。建国60年，中国人住房条件发生了翻天覆地的变化，每一次变化都体现了共和国前进的足迹。建国初:居住条件极差 In the early years of New China, living conditions were extremely poor as most residential buildings were destroyed by protracted wars or were lacking maintenance. Urban people usually lived in crowded and messy residences in a very small space with few or poor facilities, such as warrens in the north and tube-shaped apartments in the south, commonly sharing public toilets and kitchens (see photo). Rural people lived in adobe buildings or cave-dwellings in the north while in the south, people lived in thatch-roof cottages, some even sharing their space with domestic animals. 建国初期，多年战乱，满目疮痍，居住条件极差。城市居民的住宅大多面积小，设施简陋。如北方的大杂院，南方的亭子间等，共用厨房(见图)和厕所，十分拥挤杂乱。农村里，北方多为土坯房、窑洞，南方多住茅草房，年久失修，岌岌可危。人畜有时混居一室，卫生条件极差。 ?改革前:式样统一平板房Before 1978 when China started its reform and opening-up policy, the residential conditions were still very poor. Shabby residences were replaced by newly-built bungalows, exactly alike with unitary style and appearance. Constructed with tiles，bricks and lime, they were simply fitted with beds, tables and chairs. 改革开放前，居住条件仍然较差。样式统一、单调的平板房取代了建国初的破旧民居。一片片鱼鳞状的瓦片取代了破旧的屋顶，墙也不再是土坯砌成的，而是用砖和石灰砌成的平坦而洁白的墙面。但房屋内部很少有装修，只有床、桌子、椅子等基本家具。 房改前:论资排辈福利房 From 1949 to 1998, people on welfare lived in limited houses and apartments provided by the government or units they worked for free of charge, or for a symbolic low rent. There were no property rights, no commercial residential buildings for buying and selling. The houses and apartments, usually without private toilets or kitchens, were only assigned to people in accordance with their qualifications and seniority.(See photo) 新中国成立后、住房制度改革(1998年)前，城镇实行实物福利分房制度，即由政府无偿划拨土地，并由政府或单位出资建设公房，在职工申请住房的基础上，按论资排辈分配给职工居住，收取很低、象征性的房租。当时住房普遍紧张，几代人同在一个屋檐下，少有独立的