外文翻译 斜拉桥的未来.docVIP

中文1590字 between towers increase if the number of cables increase and the angle of inclination of the cables remains the same. B.READING MATERIAL FUTURE OF CABLE-STAYED BRIDGES I would like to begin with a view back on the development of cable-stayed bridges during the last 25 years.It started with Dischingers publication shortly after the end of Word War II. He pointed mainly to the necessity of gonging to high steel stresses in the stays to produce stiffness in the system.The first bridge following Dischingers recommendations,was built in Sweden,designed by Demag,a German steel construction firm,consulted by Dischinger. Then in 1953-54 the three Duesseldorf bridges were designed,all of them,with parallel stay cables but different tower arrangements,in order to have a family of similarly appearing bridges. The fundamental concept of these early designs was retained for over almost 20 years,which it took to built them. We learned by detailing and erecting these bridges. In these bridges,only a few stay cables were chosen;some engineers designed their bridges with even only one stay cable. This resulted in large cable forces causing difficulties to anchor the cables in the beam structure. Heavy cross beams were necessary, the ropes had to be formed. To gain sufficient space for the anchors, adjustment of cable lengths becomes difficult. In addition, the large distance between the stay cables complicate the erection requiring heavy equipment, auxiliary trusses,even auxiliary piers were necessary to build the Maracaibo bridge and the Kniebridge. Auxiliary stayes were needed for cantilevering the beam plate girder to the next stay cable. In addition, long spans between supports provided by stay cables,cause large bending moments in the continuous beam and hereby a considerable depth of the girders is needed. Form all of this experience, we concluded for our later and future designs ,that a) a large number of stay cables should be chosen in a way b) that one