文献综述,超声电机原理和未来.docVIP

超声电机原理 及未来发展 摘要 超声电机起源于上世纪八十年代，前后经历了数十年的发展。具有力矩/质量比大，结构紧凑，低速大扭矩，响应快，电磁兼容性和控制性能好等突出优点； 并已广泛的应用。超声电机理论、方法、制作应用都取得Ultrasonic motor originated in the eightys of the last century, and has experienced decades of development. With torque / mass ratio, compact structure, high torque at low speed, quick response, outstanding advantages of electromagnetic compatibility and good control performance; widely used in various fields . Theory, method, ultrasonic motor manufacture, application, research have seen abundant achievements. Its principle is to use the inverse piezoelectric effect of piezoelectric material which can engender standing wave superimposition ,thus producing traveling wave, then the friction between the stator and rotor cause the rotor to move，realizing the energy conversion. The use of piezoelectric materials for the piezoelectric ceramics, piezoelectric material and friction materials shall meet certain requirements. The ultrasonic motor also has some defects to be improved, but the future for ultrasonic motor is bound to be the development in all fields, and extremely wide use. Key words：Ultrasonic motor Experience Inverse piezoelectric effect Vibration Standing wave Traveling wave Piezoelectric material Defect development 目录 引言…………………………………………………………………5 超声电机的发展与当今的应用……………………6 2、超声电机工作原理……………………………………8 2.1逆压电效应…………………………………………8 2.2椭圆运动………………………………………………9 2.3行波产生与转子运动的形成………………………10 超声电机压电材料和摩擦材料…………………………12 3.1压电材料概述………………………………………12 3.2超声电机用压电材料………………………………12 3.3所用压电材料的性能………………………………12 3.4摩擦材料………………………………………………13 超声电机的未来………………………………………………13 4.1超声电机未来的应用……………………………………13 4.2超声电机未来亟待完善之处……………………………13 结语…………………………………………………………………14 参考文献…………………………………………………………14 引言 超声电机起于上世纪八十年代，具有力矩/质量比大，结构紧凑，低速大扭矩，响应快，电磁兼容性和控制性能好等突出优点； 并已在机器人、精密仪器仪表、医疗器械、航空航天及新型武器装备等领域得到广泛的应用。超声电机理论、方法、制作应用都取得 图 1 音叉震动驱动钟表齿轮 图 2 lavrinenco发明的超声电机 超声电机起源于上世纪八十年代。1948年Williams和Brown的“压电马达”点燃了研