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Trends in biotechnological production of fuel ethanol from different feedstocks Oscar J. Sa′nchez a,b, Carlos A. Cardona a,* a Department of Chemical Engineering, National University of Colombia at Manizales, Cra. 27 No. 64–60 Of. F-505, Manizales, Caldas, Colombia b Department of Engineering, University of Caldas, Calle 65 No. 26–10, Manizales, Caldas, Colombia Received 12 July 2006; received in revised form 4 November 2007; accepted 6 November 2007 Available online 26 December 2007 Abstract：Present work deals with the biotechnological production of fuel ethanol from different raw materials. The different technologies for producing fuel ethanol from sucrose-containing feedstocks (mainly sugar cane), starchy materials and lignocellulosic biomass are described along with the major research trends for improving them. The complexity of the biomass processing is recognized through the analysis of the different stages involved in the conversion of lignocellulosic complex into fermentable sugars. The features of fermentation processes for the three groups of studied feedstocks are discussed. Comparative indexes for the three major types of feedstocks for fuel ethanol production are presented. Finally, some concluding considerations on current research and future tendencies in the production of fuel ethanol regarding the pretreatment and biological conversion of the feedstocks are presented_2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Keywords: Bioethanol; Sugars; Starch; Lignocellulosic biomass; Ethanolic fermentation 利用生物技术从不同原料生产燃料酒精的趋向 摘要（Abstract） 当前的工作是用生物技术学（biotechnological）从不同天然物质中生产燃料酒精。从包含蔗糖的原料(主要甘蔗)，有淀粉的物质和纤维素生物质生产酒精的不同技术。这也是改进他们的主要研究趋势。生物质处理的复杂是被认可的，通过分析涉及不同阶段的纤维素综合物转换成发酵的糖。对三组研究的原料的发酵过程的特点进行讨论。三种主要生产燃料酒精的原料的相对指数被呈现出来。最后，在目前研究和关于原料预处理和生物转换的燃料酒精的未来趋势方面的一些讨论因素被提出来了。 是Elsevier 2007出版的。 关键词 ：生物乙醇; 糖; 淀粉; 纤维素生物质; 乙醇发酵 简介 世界面临着这种情况，随着时代进一步发展，主要依靠消耗它不可更新的能源。同时，能量消耗的速率也在加快。美国是消耗油第一的国家，但是中国加速的经济发展在石油市场也有很大的压力。在石油市场全球的景象也比较黑暗。在中东地区持久的危机和股票变化的加速，和其他原因已经引起石油价格升到了每桶100美元。如果石油价格保持在那个那么