高中英语语法_句子成分.pptVIP

句子成分 英语的基本成分有八种： 主语（subject） 谓语（predicate） 宾语（object） 表语（predicative） 定语（attribute） 状语 (adverbial) 补足语 (complement）  同位语（appositive） 主语：是句子要说明的人或物，说明谓语所表示的动作或状态的执行者。名词（短语）、代词、数词、不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）、从句皆可做主语。 1) Mr. Lee is a well-known scientist. 2) He reads newspapers everyday. 3) Two and ten is twelve. 4) Smoking is harmful to the health. 5) To swim in that pool is a great pleasure. 6) What we shall do next is not yet decided. 谓语: 说明主语的动作或所处的状态。 谓语(predicate) 或谓语动词(predicate verb) 的位置一般在主语之后。谓语由简单动词或动词短语（助动词或情态动词＋主要动词）构成。  1) The new term begins on the 1st of September. 2) I would like to invite all my friends here. 3) I have tried this way three times. 4) We should pay attention to the English idioms. 5) He is working in the garden. 表语：是谓语的一部分，它位于系动词(如be,become)之后，与系动词一起构成复合谓语，说明主语的身份，特征，属性或状态等。单词、短语或从句均可充当表语。 1)Wang’s father is a doctor. （名词） 2) He is always careless. （形容词） 3) The basketball match is on. （副词） 4) All the pupils are on the playground now. （介词短语） 5) Our aim is to win more medals. （不定式） 6) His work is teaching French. （动名词短语） 7) The question is who can really repair the machines. （从句） 宾语:表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词或介词后面. 1) Wang Ling lent me a novel to read in the bus. （双宾语） 2) The medicine is good for this boy. 3) Do you understand what I mean? 4) My little sister always likes to ask questions. 5) Would you mind coming earlier tomorrow? 形式宾语：若宾语是动词不定式，动名词或从 句，可用it作形式宾语代替其位置，而将其到宾补之后。 I found it difficult to finish the task in time. Do you consider it any good sending more people there? We have made it clear that we disagreed. Wang Ling lent me a novel to read in the bus. （双宾语） me 间接宾语 表示动作是对谁或为谁做的。 a novel 直接宾语 表示动作的直接承受者或结果。 定语:是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。 ①Mary is a chemistry teacher.（名词作定语） ②He is our friend. （代词作定语） ③We belong to the third world. （数词作定语） ④He was