生物柴油的制备与表征.docVIP

摘 要 生物柴油是指以油料作物、野生油料植物和工程微藻等水生植物油脂以及动物油脂、餐饮垃圾油等为原料油，通过酯交换工艺制成的可代替石化柴油的可再生性柴油燃料。生物柴油作为优质柴油替代品，属环境友好型绿色燃料，具有深远的经济效益与社会效益，是新能源研究的一个重要方向。 虽然传统的均相酸碱催化剂催化效率比较高，但是难以回收利用，会腐蚀设备，而且还会产生废弃物。作为固体超强酸，杂多酸以其高活性，高选择性，腐蚀轻微，反应条件温和等优点受到关注，但是容易流失，且不易回收。而负载型杂多酸催化剂具有容易回收利用、绿色环保等优点，是酯交换研究的一个重要方向。 本文在综合文献的基础上用活性炭负载的硅钨酸作为催化剂，以大豆油和甲醇为原料来制备生物柴油，运用吸光光度法测定反应中生成的甘油含量，对生物柴油的转化率作了定量分析。利用正交试验设计考察了多酸负载量、催化剂用量、反应温度、以及反应时间等因素对生物柴油产量的影响。同时运用分析仪器对催化剂做了表征。研究结果表明，使用30%硅钨酸浸渍的活性炭催化剂用量为(油质量的10%、反应时间30h、反应温度 70℃)的反应条件下，生物柴油产率最高，达到92%以上。 关键词：生物柴油；新能源；活性炭；杂多酸；酯交换 Abstract Biodiesel is a renewable diesel fuel instead of petroleum diesel to oil crops , wild oil plants and microalgae aquatic plant oils and animal fats , food waste oil as raw material oil through transesterification process made . Biodiesel as a high-quality diesel alternatives are environmentally friendly green fuel , with far-reaching economic and social benefits , is an important direction for new energy research . Traditional homogeneous acid-base catalyst efficiency is relatively high , but it is difficult to recycle , will corrode equipment , but would also produce waste . As solid superacid heteropolyacids its high activity , high selectivity , corrosion mild , mild reaction conditions , etc. attention , but is easy to lose and difficult recovery . Supported heteropoly acid catalysts have the advantages of easy to recycle , green , transesterification is an important direction of research . Silicotungstic acid activated carbon load on the basis of the literature as a catalyst , biodiesel from soybean oil and methanol as raw materials to prepare , to use photometric determination of the glycerol content generated in the reaction , the conversion rate of biodiesel quantified analysis .Orthogonal experimental design to examine the choice of catalyst , the acid load , amount of catalyst , reaction temperature , reaction time and other factors on the production of bio-diesel . While the use of analytical instruments to characterize the c