论环境侵权-毕业论文.doc

摘 要 世界经济的迅速发展，使人类开发和利用环境资源的机会增多，随之而来的 环境污染给各国带来严重的灾害， 酸雨、臭氧层破坏、全球性气候变暖、生物多 样性锐减、有毒化学品的污染及越境转移、土壤退化的加剧、淡水资源的枯竭与 污染、突发性环境污染事故及大规模的生态破坏成为现代主要的环境问题。为保 护环境、实现经济社会可持续发展，各国除利用经济、技术等手段外，均在寻求 运用法律手段解决环境侵权问题。 国内外学者普遍认为环境权应上升为一种法律 权利，在宪法中确认环境权或涉及环境权的内容，从而使环境权成为环境时代宪 法的新生基本权利。但是，大多数国家在司法实践中并不承认环境权可以作为诉 由，从而不能有效的保障公民的环境权益。我国环境法学者对于环境权的独立性、 环境侵权的构成要件、归责原则、环境侵权的救济等亦有较多争议，没有达成共 识。 文章从环境侵权的权利基础、归责原则、构成要件及救济途径的拓展入手， 探讨了如何从法律上有效保护人们的环境权益。认为环境权是一种独立的社会性 权利，应从实体和程序两方面构建我国的环境权体系，并以此作为环境侵权救济 机制的基础。环境侵权包括了实体意义上的环境侵权和程序意义上的环境侵权， 两者具有不同的行为特点、构成要件，对之正确分析判断是实施环境侵权救济的 前提。面对日益严重的环境侵权现象，我国环境侵权救济途径暴露出一些不足之 处，为此应当贯彻可持续发展和权利救济个别化、社会化相结合的理念，从私力 救济、公力救济、社会化救济三方面对环境侵权予以救济，真正维护人们的环境 权益。　 　 关键词：环境权；环境侵权；可持续发展；社会化救济　 　 　 　 I 　 ABSTRACT With the rapid development of global economics which increases the opportunities of developing and using the environment resources. As a result of the economic development, the pollution has brought a series of problems to the countries such as: the acid rain, the destroys of ozone layer, the green- house effect on the global climate, the sharp decline in biodiversity, the virulent chemical pollution and its transfer crossing the border, intensive soil degeneration, exhaustion and pollution of fresh water resources. In order to protect the environment, realize the sustainable development of economic society, countries are looking for a lawful solution to the environmental tort problems besides using the economic and technological methods. Both domestic and foreign scholars generally claim that the environment right should be raised to a position of legal rights, so that it can become a fundamental right of the constitution of the environment era. However, the majority of countries do not admit environmental rights as a sue reason in practice. Therefore they fail to protect citizens ’ environmental rights effectively. Our academic staffs of environment law do not agree on the independence of environmental rights, the essential parts making up of environmental tort, the prin