浅论民事诉讼中的自认-毕业论文.doc

摘要 健全的立法离不开成熟理论的指导。近年来，学界对自认制度的理论研究虽 然取得了一定的成果，但远远不能满足立法和诉讼实践的需要，随着民间要求修 改现行《民事诉讼法》的呼声渐高，进一步深化对自认制度的理论研究十分必要。 自认的基本理论问题主要包括含义、成立要件、法律性质 、效力与撤回等几个 方面。大陆法上关于自认定义的两种立法例反映了人们在自认性质与理论依据上 理解的差异；在理论上依据不同的标准对自认加以分类，有利于深化对自认含义 的理解，揭示不同类型自认的特点；自认的成立要件可以概括为四点,即自认须 在法定程序中作出、对象是案件事实、自认与对方当事人的主张一致以及自认的 事实须是于己不利的。我国学界关于自认性质的几种主要观点之所以存在重大分 歧，重要的原因之一就是各自采取的视角不同；从不同的角度考察，自认的性质 是不同的，作为当事人陈述案情的行为，自认的性质是一种诉讼行为，而作为诉 讼制度或政策，其性质则是证据规则。在诉讼上自认一经成立便具有拘束法院和 当事人的效力；自认人通常不能自由地撤回自认，但是在对方当事人同意、自认 人受胁迫或重大误解下作出的自认可以撤回。自认和当事人陈述制度的关系是我 国自认制度理论研究的瓶颈，也是自认制度理论研究与我国实际相结合的具体体 现；价值分析的方法不能正确处理自认和当事人陈述制度的关系，必须采取功能 分析的方法；自认和当事人陈述制度规范的主体对象不同以及功能分析的方法是 把握二者关系的关键所在。  关键词：民事诉讼  自认  当事人陈述  I ABSTRACT The perfect legislation is going with the mature theory. In recent years, academic circles have yielded certain achievements in the fundamental research of admission, which can’t satisfy the legislation and the lawsuit practice by far. With the the folk request for revising Civil procedure law, the further deepened research is extremely essential. The elementary theory of admission mainly includes the meaning, essential elements, legal nature, effect and withdrawl. The two legislation cases in Continental Law reflect that the nature and theory basis are differently treated, the theoretical classification on the different standards can help to comprehend the meaning of admission, and explore their characteristics, essential elements may be summarized by follows: admission must be made in the legal procedure, its object is fact, the fact must consist with the opposite partys statement and be disadvantageous for himself. The several major views about its nature in our country ,which is quitely different, shows that the angles of view aren’ t same. In fact, the natures are different by different angles, as stating the case, the nature belongs to lawsuit behavior, but as a lawsuit system or policy, its nature belongs to the evidence rule. Admission in the lawsuit has restricts to the court and parties. Whlie the oppos