主谓一致2.ppt

Agreement 主谓一致 概 述 一致(agreement or concord)是一个语法范畴，指词语在人称，数，格，性等方面保持一致． 一致一般涉及３个基本原则，即 语法一致(grammatical concord) 意义一致(notional concord) 邻近一致(principle of proximity) 语法一致 语法一致即形式上的一致 e.g. The boy shows his mother much attention. The boys are playing outside. 意义一致 即意义或概念上的一致 e.g. The crew are paid to do all the work on the ship. Five minutes is enough. 邻近原则 即指谓语动词的形式与邻近的名词一致 e.g. Not only the students but also the teacher is enjoying the film. Neither you nor your brother is to blame. 谓语动词用单数形式的情况 1. 单数名词作主语 A new drug has become the subject of heated debate within the medical profession. 2. 主语为代词：every-, some-, any-, no-, each, either, neither Neither of these books is very new. Everything goes smoothly. 3. 主语为“each A and B”或“every A and B”时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Every man and woman is eligible to vote. Each student and teacher has a locker. 4. 动词不定式，动名词短语和从句做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 What he said was totally wrong. To become a doctor is his ambition. Whether she comes or not is of importance at all. Seeing is believing. 5. 在it is …that的强调句型中，存在两处主谓一致。 第一，在这一句型中，it做formal subject (形式主语), 因而谓语动词始终为单数形式，不受强调的成分的影响。 His grades worry him. ? It is his grades that worry him. She began modeling in Paris aged 15. ? It was in Paris that she began modeling aged 15. She is fighting for the equal rights. ? It is the equal rights that she is fighting for. 第二，如果被强调的部分是real subject (真正的主语)，that从句中，谓语动词的形式由强调成份来决定。 It is not I who am to blame for the difficult situation you are in. It is you who were following me last night. 6. 主语为表示具体数量的短语(可表时间、金钱、距离、重量、容积、人口等等，形式上可能是复数)，谓语动词为单数形式。 A hundred miles is a long distance. Ten extra pounds is a lot to lose in a week. Ten years is a moment in history. Twenty gallons of gasoline costs a lot of money. 7. 报刊、杂志、电影、戏剧等的名称一律被视为单数。 The New York Times is sold well in the US. Star Wars was made in 1977. 8. 有一些表示学科、疾病、体育运动项目和抽象意义的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 学科：mathematics, physics, economics, statistics… 疾病：diabetes(糖尿病), mumps(腮腺炎)，arthritis (关节炎