9.句子和句子成分.docVIP

句子和句子成分 （SENTENCE ELEMENTS） 一、句子成分 一个完整的英语句子，至少由两部分组成（祈使句除外），即主语和谓语。主语是句子叙述的主体，表明这句话描述的是什么，谓语则用以说明主语的情况，它在人称和单复数形式上应该与主语保持一致。 除了主语和谓语，句子有时还需要其他的成分，如：用在及物动词后面，表示行为对象或结果的宾语；修饰或限定名词或代词的定语；修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语或全句的状语（表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式、让步和伴随）；对一个名词或代词作进一步解释的同位语等。 I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday afternoon. （一）主语 主语通常由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词或从句担任。 She went out in a hurry. Workers build factories and houses. Three plus five is eight. To see is to believe. Smoking is bad for health. When we shall leave hasnt been decided. The young should respect the old. 谓语 谓语由动词构成，有简单谓语和复合谓语之分。 简单谓语 简单谓语由动词和动词词组组成 The sun rises in the east. He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语 复合谓语是由“情态动词或助动词+动词”构成；“连系动词+表语”也构成复合谓语 He can speak English very well. The work must be done before three oclock. This film is interesting. He seems unhappy. 表语 表语说明主语的性质、特征、状态或身份。表语通常由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、动名词、分词或从句等担任。 We are Chinese. Im not quite myself today. The war was over. They seem to know the truth. He is out of condition. This is what he told me yesterday. Time is pressing. Who was the first? His hobby is playing computer games. 宾语 宾语表示及物动词或及物动词短语的对象或内容，或用于介词后构成介词短语；通常由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等担任。宾语包括直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语表示动作的承受者或结果；间接宾语表示动作是对谁做的，或是为谁做的。 They offered me the job. He doesnt like the job. He said that he would return soon. We enjoy playing football. Please show me your passport. I have bought you some records. 宾语补足语 有些及物动词的宾语后需要添加部分内容对宾语进行补充说明，这一部分内容称为宾语补足语。宾语和宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。 能作为宾语补足语的有：名词、形容词、介词短语、不定式短语、分词短语、副词等。 I found the book very interesting. He made himself known to them first. She asked me to lend her a hand. We must keep it a secret. Please make yourself at home. Please keep the dog out. [注意] 当主动语态变成被动语态后，宾语补足语就变成了主语补足语。 He was last seen playing near the river. He was made monitor. 定语 修饰或限定名词或代词的成分叫定语；定语通常由形容词、代词、数词、名词或名词所有格、副词、介词短语、动词不定式短语、动名词短语、分词短语或从句担任。 This is a difficult problem. He works in a trade company. Her mother is a professor. Here are about 60 people at t