21.5高中英语语法.docVIP

21.5 直接引语和间接引语 21.5.1 直接引语 1) 在引用别人的原话时，被引用的句子称为直接引语： “I never eat meat,” he explained. “What’s the matter?” “Nothing,” she answered. He said, “I have lost my wallet.” 在用直接引语时，引语前后要加引号，引导引语的动词称为引用动词。除say, ask, answer, reply之外，还有许多其他引用动词： “Listen,” she whispered. “Who is it?” Wilson shouted. “Look out!” she screamed. “Im leaving at once,” he told me. “It wont cost much,” she assured me. “But it will take longer,” Jim objected. 2) 引用动词多数放在后面，有时放在前面（见上例），间或插在引语中间： “Darling,” max said to her, “don’t say it’s impossible.” “Sit up,” he commanded, “and hold out your hands.” “I presume,” he commented, “that she will learn how to do it in time.” “I do hope,” said Mary, “they haven’t forgotten all about it.” 3) 在把引用动词放在后面时，有时主语和动词位置可以颠倒（特别是主语较长时）： “We wish we didn’t have to take exams,” said the children. “Bill wants to go alone,” said lily, “but Id rather he went with a group.” “I shall be 20 tomorrow,” said peter. “The children had better to bed early,” said Tom. 如果主语较短，放在前面更好一些： “What’s the meaning of that?” he asked. “No, thank you,” she replied. “Here you are at last!” she exclaimed (exclaimed jack’s mother). 21.5.2 间接引语 1) 当用自己的话报导别人的话时，被报导的部分称为间接引语，这种结构称为引语结构： Kitty said she could wait another day. Tom replied that he was going be plane. 这时被引语部分常常是引用动词的宾语。除了say, reply这几个词以外，还有很多动词可引导间接引语： I felt I had little energy left. I guess they’ve already got home. She complained that the exam was too hard. He explained that the buses were not running. I objected that he was too young for the position. I protected that I had no view of that sort. 在多数情况下，引语都由连词that引导，但在say，tell等词后（在口语中）可以省略： He said (that) he had lost the wallet. Tell him I am out. 2) 把直接引语变成间接引语时，要根据意思改变人称： “Ive already taken your son to the nursery,” Jane said. Jane said she had already taken my son to the nursery. “I bought these pearls for my mother,” Joe said. Joe said he had bought the pearls for his mother. She said to me, “you speak English better than me.” She told me that I spoke English better than h