西方翻译简史1课件.pptVIP

Translation theories in the west According to Steiner (1998: 248-9), the history of discourse on translation is divided into four periods: (1) the traditional period, from the beginning of the Christian era to the end of the eighteenth century, which is a period of immediate empirical focus” (2) a period of theory and hermeneutic inquiry, growing out of German Romanticism around the beginning of the nineteenth century, (3) a modern period, reaching well into the twentieth century, in which the influence of General Linguistics is increasingly dominant (4) the contemporary period, a cultural turn to translation studies. The traditional period Over two millennia, only a few authors have succeeded in introducing anything fundamental or new. These creators and transformers include Saint Jerome, Luther, Dryden, Holderlin, Novalis, Schleiermacher, Nietzsche, Ezra Pound, (1998: 283) Cicero (西塞罗公元前 106-前43年, 古罗马政治家、雄辩家) I saw that to employ the same expressions profited me nothing, while to employ others was a positive hindrance… Afterwards I resolved to translate freely Greek speeches of the most eminent orators. As a consequence, I not only found myself using the best words, and yet quite familiar ones, but also coining by analogy certain words such as would be new to our people, provided only they were appropriate (Robinson 1997a: 7). 西塞罗主要观点 译者应该像演说家一样，使用符合古罗马语言习惯的语言来表达外来作品的内容。 直译是缺乏技巧的表现。翻译应保留词语最内层的东西，即意思。 翻译也是文学创作。 各种语言的修辞手段彼此相通，因此翻译可以做到风格对等。 提出“解释员”式翻译和“演说家”式翻译，即直译与意译。 St. Jerome: Latin scholar who produced the Vulgate, the first authentic Latin translation of the Bible from Hebrew He insisted on “the accurate transmission of the meaning of the text rather than the budding orators freely ranging imagination“. He introduced the first major shift in western translation theory”. Jerome initiateed the major terms of source text and target text, original meaning and translated meaning, the concepts of literal and dynamic translation (word for wor