第6章操作系统.pptVIP

Chapter 6 Operating System 专业英语 Chapter 6 Operating System * Technical terms and proper names: application software 应用软件 system software 系统软件 utility software 实用软件 operating system (OS)操作系统 shell 操作系统的外壳程序 serial processing 串行处理 Graphical User Interface (GUI)图形用户界面 kernel 内核 job 作业 batch processing 批处理 Simple Batch Systems 简单批处理 monitor 监控程序 Multiprogrammed Batch Systems 多道程序批处理系统 scheduler 调度程序 multiprogramming 多道程序 time-sharing systems 分时系统 uniprogramming 单道程序 process 进程 process management 进程管理 process control block 进程控制块 ready 就绪态 running 运行态 blocked 阻塞态 mutual exclusion 互斥 multiprocessing 多处理，多进程 Technical terms and proper names: concurrent processes 并发处理 deadlock 死锁 synchronize processes 同步处理 semaphores 信号量 reusable resources 可复用性资源 I/O buffers 输入/输出缓冲区 I/O channel 输入/输出通道 deadlock prevention 死锁预防 deadlock detection 死锁监测 deadlock avoidance 死锁避免 virtual memory 虚拟内存 logical references 逻辑引用 real addresses 实地址 paging 分页 segmentation 分段 virtual address 虚拟地址 physical address 物理地址 real-time process 实时处理 file management 文件管理 plug and play (PnP) 即插即用 6.1 Operating System Overview The operating system (OS), the most important system software component, consist of the master programs, called the supervisor, that control the execution of application programs and acts as an interface between the user of a computer and the computer hardware. 操作系统（OS）是最为重要的系统软件模块，它由控制应用程序执行的称为监控程序的主程序和并作为计算机用户与操作系统硬件的接口程序组成。 (1)The operating system as a user/computer interface Modern shells perform this task by means of a graphical user interface (GUI) in which objects to be manipulated, such as files and programs, are represented pictorially on the monitor screen as icons. (1) 操作系统作为用户/计算机界面 现代的外壳程序是通过图形用户界面（GUI）来完成这一工作的，在图形界面中要操作的诸如文件和程序等对象是在计算机屏幕上以图形