面向对象的分析与设计_3.pptVIP

面向对象的分析与设计 Outline Model and modeling What is a model Why we model Unified Modeling Language What is UML UML’s history Conceptual model of UML Model and why we model When we build a dog house a house for your family a high-rise office building Modeling is a proven and well-accepted engineering technique. We build architectural models of houses and high rises to help their users visualize the final product. We may even build mathematical models to analyze the effects of winds or earthquakes on our buildings. What is a model Simply, a model is a simplification of reality. A model provides the blueprints of a system. A good model includes those elements that have broad effect and omits those minor elements that are not relevant to the given level of abstraction. A model may be structural, emphasizing the organizations of a system, or it may be behavioral, emphasizing the dynamics of the system. Why we model We build models so that we can better understand the system we are developing Models helps us to visualize a system as it is or as we want it to be Models permit us to specify the structure or behavior of a system Models give us a template that guides us in constructing a system Models document the decisions we have made. We build models of systems because we cannot comprehend such a system in its entirety. Complexity Divide- and-conquer Principles of modeling The choice of what models to create has a profound influence on how a problem is attacks and how a solution is shaped. Every model may be expressed at different levels of precision. For example, class diagram in different level The best models are connected to reality. No single model of view is sufficient. Every nontrivial system is best approached through a small set of nearly independent models with multiple viewpoints. Outline Model and modeling What is a model Why we model Unified Modeling Language What is UML UML’s history Conceptual model of UML What is UML UML is a standard language for wri