化工原理课程设计摘要中英文.docVIP

摘要 利用混合物中各组分挥发能力的差异，通过液相跟气相的回流，使气液两相逆相多级接触，在热能驱动和相平衡条件的约束下，使得易挥发组分不断从液相往气相中转移，而难挥发组分却由气相向液相中迁移，使混合物不断分离，该过程称为精馏。该过程中，传热、传质过程同时进行，属传质过程控制。 原料从塔中适当部位进塔，将塔分为两段，上为精馏段，不含进料，下段含进料板为提留段，冷凝器从塔顶提供液相回流，再沸器从塔底提供气相回流。气液相回流是精馏的重要特点。在精馏段，气相上升的过程中，气相轻组分不断得到精制，在气相中不断地增浓，在塔顶获得轻组分产品。在提馏段，其液相在下降的过程中，其轻组分不断地提馏出来，使重组分在液相中不断地被浓缩，在塔底获得重组分的产品。 本设计是以丙酮—水为设计物系。通过对精馏塔的运算，主要设备的工设艺设计计算—物料衡算、热量衡算、工艺参数的选定、设备的结构设计和工艺尺寸的设计计算，可以得出精馏塔的各种设计如塔的工艺流程、生产操作条件及物性参数通过只图解法计算得理论板数为 14块，回流比是3.2，实际塔板数是33块，进料位置是第7块，通过筛板塔流体力学验算，证明各指标数据均符合标准。在此次设计中，对塔进行了物料衡算，本次设计过程正常，操作合适。 Absract Using of volatile ability of a component in the mixture,we can backflow the gas phase and liquid phase,to make two－phase reverse multistage quickly contact.Under the thermal drive and the constraints of the phase epuilibrium condictions ,the volatile components from liquid to gas phase in the shift,but difficult volatile components in the gas phase into liquid phasr migration,which separate the mixture constantly,the process is know as rectification.The process include heat transfer and mass transfer,and mass transfer control the process. Raw materials is from the appropriate location of the tower into tower, the tower can be divided into two section,one section is rectifying section.contains no feed,the other section contains the feed plate is the stripping section.The condenser is from the top to provide liquid reflux.The reboiler Provides liquide backflow from the top of the tower bottom.Gas and liquid refluxing is one of the important characteristics of rectification.In the rectifying section,in the process of gas phase increased, the light component gas phase is constantly refining,in the gas phase constant enrichment, light component are producted in the top of the tower.But in the stripping section,the restructuring is concentrated,at the bottom for a restructuring of products. This design is based on acetone and water as the design department.Through the material balance、heat balance、select the pr