哈佛分子生物学讲义--蛋白质翻译(第一讲).pptVIP

Translation I Overview Lecture 1 Events of translation: initiation, elongation, termination, folding Machinery involved in translation tRNAs, synthetases, ribosomes, translation factors General regulatory mechanisms Lecture 2 Initiation Lecture 3 Elongation, termination, protein folding regulation Methods for studying translation Translation - big picture Events of Translation Initiation (very different between prokaryotes and eukaryotes) Dissociation of ribosome Binding of initiation factor (IF1/eIF1A) to A-site of small subunit Binding of other factors Recruitment of f-Met-tRNAMet to P-site of small particle Recruitment of mRNA to small particle Binding of large particle - dissociation of initiation factors Elongation (similar between pro- and eukaryotes) Entry of aa-tRNA to A-site Peptide-bond formation Translocation of mRNA and tRNAs to P and E sites Entry of next aa-tRNA to A-site etc. Termination (similar between pro- and eukaryotes) Entry of release factor to recognize termination codon Exit of polypeptide and release factors Protein folding Players of translation Ribosome (RNA, proteins) mRNA tRNA Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases Translation factors (initiation, elongation,termination) Differences between eubacteria and eukaryotes Bacteria Ribosome: 30S+50S - 70S Few initiation factors: IF-1(eIF1A), IF-2(eIF5B), IF-3 (?) Elongation factors EF1A (EF-Tu), EF1B (EF-Ts), EF2 (EF-G) Release factors RF-1, RF2, RF3 Ribosome recycling factor RRF mRNA is not capped Direct binding of 30S particle next to initiation codon (AUG) at Shine-Dalgarno sequence, 5’-AGGAGGU-3’ Translation coupled to transcription Eukaryotes Ribosome: 40S+60S- 80S Many initiation factors eIF1, eIF1A, eIF2, eIF2B, eIF3, eIF4A, eIF4B, eIF4E, eIF4F, eIF4G, eIF4H, eIF5, eIF5B, eIF6 Elongation factors eEF1, eEF2 Release factors eRF1, eRF3 Most mRNA is capped at 5’ end and polyadenylated at 3’ end 40S particle is recruited to 5’ cap structure or poly(A) tail or an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) Tra