ADuC831,电子系统设计——基于RTX51实时操作系统程序设计基础.ppt

2、Communication between tasks In a multitasking (multithreaded) program, multiple tasks work completely separately. Because they all work in the same application, it will sometimes be necessary for them to exchange information with each other. a、GLOBAL VARIABLES The easiest way to do this is by using global variables. In certain situations, it can make sense for tasks to communicate via global variables, but most of the time this method has various disadvantages. For example, if you want to synchronize a task to start when the value of a global variable changes, you have to poll this variable, wasting precious calculation time and power, and the reaction time depends on how often you poll. b、COMMUNICATION MECHANISMS When multiple tasks work with one another, they often have to: ● exchange data, ● synchronize with another task, or ● make sure that a resource is used by no more than one task at a time. a) Signals Signals represent the simplest and fastest form of task communication. No actual information is exchanged - only a stimulus is activated for a task. These can always be used when a pure task synchronisation is required without data exchange. b) MAILBOXES AND QUEUES A mailbox is basically a data buffer managed by the RTOS and is used for sending a message to a task. A queue works in a similar manner, but handle larger messages than mailboxes, and every message may have a individual size. c) SEMAPHORES In a multi-tasking system there is often competition for resources. When several tasks can use the same portion of memory, the same serial I/O channel or another system resource, you have to find a way to keep the tasks out of each other‘s way. The semaphore is a protocol mechanism, which is used primarily to control access to shared resources (mutual exclusion). By means of the semaphore concept, resources can be shared free of conflicts between the individual tasks. RTX51 是美国Keil 公司开发的一种小型的应用于MCS51 系列单片机的实时多任务操作系统，它的使用可以简化比较复杂、有严格时间限制的软件的设计过程。RTX51主要有两个不同的可用版