绕水翼云状空化非定脱落机理的研究.docVIP

绕水翼云状空化非定常脱落机理的研究 王国玉 张博 北京理工大学 机械与车辆工程学院，北京100081 摘要 结合数值计算和实验技术研究了云状空化的非定常脱落机理。实验采用高速录像技术观察了绕Clark-y型水翼云状空化形态随时间的变化。数值计算采用了汽-液两相的当地均相流模型，湍流封闭采用了一种修正的RNG方程，引入了一种与空化区域水汽相密度相关的系数，对湍流模型进行了修正。计算和实验结果均表明：云状空化尾部存在着准周期性的涡状空化团的脱落；局部压强的增加是引起空穴断裂进而脱落的直接原因；压强升高是由于近壁处的反向射流引起的；空穴尾部的大规模的旋涡运动引起的近壁处的逆压梯度是引起反向射流的主要原因。 关键词 云状空化 湍流模型 反向射流 逆压梯度 A NUMERICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON UNSTEADY SHEDDING MECHANISMS OF CLOUD CAVITATION Wang Guoyu Zhang Bo (Beijing Institute of Technology) Abstract The unsteady characterics of cloud cavitating flow around a hydrofoil are investigated by joint experimental and numerical methods. Experiments on a hydrofoils are carried out in a rectangular test section of a cavitation tunnel. A high-speed video camera is used to visualize the unsteady flow structures. The caculations are conducted on the two-dimensional hydrofoil section, based on a single-fluid model of the cavitation: the liquid/vapor mixture is considered as a homogeneous fluid whose compsition is regulated by mass tranfer equation. The RNG turbulence model with modified eddy viscosity coefficient is used for computing, and the coefficient is related to the vapor and liquid densities in cavitated regions for simulating the cavitating flow. Both of experimental and numerical results show that unsteady features of the peridical cloud cavity departure; The increasing of a local pressure is a main factor to induce break-off of a cloud cavity; An interaction between the re-entrant jet and the cavity interface in the closure region leading to the increasing of the local pressure; The adverse pressure gradient is mainly responsible for the generation of the re-entrant jet. Key word cloud cavitation turbulent model re-entrant jet adverse pressure gradient 前言 一般地，按照空穴形态特征，将附着型空化分为初生空化、片状空化、云状空化和超空化四个阶段[1]。随着空化从初始的游离型空泡[2]至附着型片状空泡团再到云状脱落最后发展到超空化，不同阶段空化的形成与发展机理也不尽相同。尤其在云状空化阶段，伴随着空泡群的破灭和脱落，引起强烈的噪声、振动和较严重空蚀现象[3]。人们已经针对云状空化的产生机理做了大量的研究。Furness和Hutton[4]提出反向射