the heart.pptVIP

The Heart Position Lies within the pericardium in middle mediastinum Behind the body of sternum and coastal cartilages 2 to 6 In front of thoracic vertebrae 5 to 8 A third of it lies to the right of median plan and 2/3 to the left External characteristics－a hollow muscular organ, pyramidal in shape , somewhat larger than a closed fist; consists of four chanbers (right and left atria, right and left ventricles) Cardiac apex is formed by left ventricle and is directed downwards and forwards to the left. It lies at the level of the fifth left intercostal space, 1~2cm medial to the left midclavicular line (9cm from the midline) Cardiac base is formed by the left atrium and to a small extent by the right atrium. It faces backward, upward and to the right Two surface Sternocostal surface is formed mainly by the right atrium and right ventricle, and a lesser portion of its left is formed by the left auricle and ventricle. It is directed forwards and upwards Diaphragmatic surface is formed the ventricles－chiefly the left ventricle, directed backwards and downwards, and rest upon the central tendon of the diaphragm Three borders Right border－vertical, is formed entirely by right atrium Left border－round, is mainly formed by the left ventricle and partly by the left auricle Inferior border－horizontal, is formed by the right ventricle and cardiac apex Four grooves Coronary sulcus 冠状沟(circular sulcus) which marks the division between atria and ventricles, contains the trunks of the coronary vessels and completely encircles the heart Interatrial sulcus 房间沟－separates the two atria and is hidden by pulmonary trunk and aorta in front Interventricular grooves 室间沟－anterior and posterior, mark the division between ventricles (which separates the RV from the LV), the two grooves extend from the base of the ventricular potion to a notch called: the cardiac apical incisure 心尖切迹 Atrioventricular crux 房室交点－a junction of the posterior interventricular groove and coronary su