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This slide continues the discussion of the three main networking technologies in use today, and looks at the third, TCP/IP. Note that in a network, there are typically many different types of hardware and software components that need to work together to transmit and receive information. Different components in a network communicate with each other only by adhering to a common set of rules called protocols. In the past, many diverse proprietary and incompatible protocols often forced business firms to purchase computing and communications equipment from a single vendor. But today corporate networks are increasingly using a single, common, worldwide standard called Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP). TCP/IP actually is a suite of protocols, the main ones of which are TCP and IP. Ask students what these two main protocols are responsible for. * This graphic illustrates the four layers of the DOD reference model for TCP/IP. Note that what happens, when computer A sends a message to computer B, is that the data that computer A creates is transferred within that computer from the application layer to subsequent layers in sequence. In this process it is split into packets, and information is added at each stage, ultimately translating the packets into a form that can be transferred over the network interface. After traveling over the network interface, the packets are reassembled at the recipient computer, from the network interface layer up, ultimately for use by the application layer. * This slide looks at the types of networks that organizations use. Ask students what the differences are between digital and analog signals. Another example of the difference between analog and digital signals is the difference between vinyl records and digital CDs and MP3s. Ask students to describe and distinguish between LANs, CANs, WANs, and MANs, and also to talk about their different range of operation. Note that a network can be defined by the way the clie
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