2015考研英语春季基础班阅读辅导讲义.pdfVIP

Unit 1 Directions: Directions: DDiirreeccttiioonnss:: Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 ANSWER SHEET 1 AANNSSWWEERR SSHHEEEETT 11 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(40points) Text1 Text1 TTeexxtt11 The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. Private businessmen, striving to make profits, produce these goods and services in competition with other businessmen; and the profit motive, operating under competitive pressures, largely determines how these goods and services are produced. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determinewhatshallbeproducedandhowresourcesareusedtoproduceit. An important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers. In theAmerican economy,this mechanismis provided by a pricesystem, a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by seller-producers. If the product is in short supply relative to the demand, the price will be bid up and some consumers will be eliminated from the market. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this wi