16 计算机网络结构与互联 - 东南大学自动化学院.pptVIP

1.6 计算机网络结构与互联 LAN Topologies: Bus Multipoint medium Stations attach to linear medium (bus) using tap Full-duplex between station and tap Transmission from any stations travels entire medium (both directions) Termination required at ends of bus Bus LAN Diagram Tree LAN Diagram LAN Topologies: Tree Generalization of bus topology Branching cable with no closed loops Cable(s) begin at headend, travel to branches which may have branches of their own Each transmission propagates through network, can be received by any station Ring LAN Diagram LAN Topologies: Ring Repeaters are joined by unidirectional point-to-point links in a ring As a frame circulates past a receiver, the receiver checks its address, and copies those intended for it into a local buffer Frame circulates until it returns to source, which removes it from network LAN Topologies: Star Each station connected directly to central node, usually with two unidirectional links Central node can broadcast info, or can switch frames among stations Star LAN Diagram 四种网络拓扑结构： Choosing a Topology Factors to consider include reliability, flexibility/expandability, and performance Bus/tree is most flexible Tree topology easy to lay out Ring provides high throughput, but reliability problems Star can be high speed for short distances, but has limited expandability Hub The active central element of the star layout. When a single station transmits, the hub repeats the signal on the outgoing line to each station. Physically a star; logically a bus. Hubs can be cascaded in a hierarchical configuration. Hub Operating at the physical layer, hubs are very simple devices that pass all traffic in both directions between the LAN sections they link. They may connect different types of cable, but use the same data link and network protocol. Strictly speaking, hubs are not considered part of a backbone network, but are usually repeaters or amplifiers. Two-Level Star Topology （2）Bridges Allow connections between LANs and to WANs Opera