碳素纤维在水处理中应用研究进展.docVIP

炭素纤维在水处理中应用研究进展 姚理为1,2，余辉1，田学达2 1中国环境科学研究院湖泊生态环境创新基地，北京 100012 2湘潭大学化工学院，湖南 湘潭 411105 摘要: 炭素纤维又碳纤维（Carbon Fiber ,简称CF）是一种碳含量超过90%的无机高分子纤维，它以聚丙烯腈基（PAN）纤维、粘胶纤维、沥青纤维、酚醛纤维等原丝经过预氧化、碳化、石墨化等高温固相反应制备而成。由于其石墨微晶结构，因而具有低密度、高强度、耐高温、抗腐蚀、且具有纤维的柔韧性，在机械、建筑、材料领域应用相当广泛。由于其还特有的吸附性、生物亲和性等特点，现在在环境领域应用越来越被重视。本文介绍炭素纤维的基本结构与性能特征，综述其在水质净化、废水处理、生态修复等水处理领域的应用；提出炭素纤维在水处理应用领域的一些问题，并指出其主要发展方向。 关键词：炭素纤维，水质净化，废水处理，生态修复，进展 Progresses in applied research on carbon fiber in water treatment YAO Li-wei，YU Hui 1 College of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411106, China 2 Research Center of Lake Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science , Beijing 100012, China Abstract: Carbon fiber is an inorganic polymer fiber what content 90 percent of carbon. The raw material of carbon fiber are polyacrylonitrile(PAN) fibers, cellulose fibers, phenolic resin fibers or pitch fibers, and cloths or felts made from them. They are pre-oxidated, carbonized and activated at a high temperature in an atmosphere of steam or carbon dioxide. As the inner crystallite structure like graphite, carbon fiber has low density, high strength, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and has a flexible capability. It is widely used in machinery, construction and material field. The basic structure of carbon fiber and performance characteristics were described in this article. The application of water purification, wastewater treatment and ecological restoration were summarized. The problems and the main development direction of carbon fiber in water treatment applications were putted out in this paper. Keywords: carbon fiber; water purification; wastewater treatment; ecological restoration; progress 前言 水资源是人类最宝贵的自然资源之一，水资源关系着国民经济的发展和人民的日常生活。我国是一个水资源比较匮乏的国家，随着工农业的发展，大部分水体都遭到不同程度的污染。据调查：太湖、淮河、黄河流域均有70%以上的河流受到不同程度的污染；全国90%的城市水域受到污染，1/4的人口饮用水不符合卫生标准[1]。当前水污染治理已经在政府和企业各部门中得到重视，人们的环境理念也在不断增强，水处理技术也在不断发展与完善。 目前水处理技术主要有物理法、化学法、生物法等，几种方法的联合处理以及工艺组合在水处理中已经得到广泛应用，如O3/AC水处理净化工艺 [2-3]。活性炭水处