太阳能热动力海水淡化膜与蒸馏技术克伯吉斯和K.洛夫格罗夫可持续能源系统中心,工程处澳大利亚国立大学De.pdfVIP

Solar thermal powered desalination: membrane versus distillation technologies G. Burgess and K. Lovegrove Centre for Sustainable Energy Systems, Department of Engineering Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200 AUSTRALIA E-mail: greg.burgess@.au Multiple Effect Distillation (MED) is generally considered to be the desalination technology most suited to integration with concentrating solar thermal collectors on a medium to large scale. However the cost and energy requirement of Reverse Osmosis (RO) have fallen significantly in recent years, so that solar thermal powered RO deserves consideration. We compare commercial desalination processes on the basis of their electrical and thermal energy consumptions, their recovery rate, and plant capital cost. Three experimental systems of potential interest are also identified. The daily desalinated water output per square metre of solar collector area is estimated for a number of system configurations. Depending on parameters such as feedwater salinity, the output from solar powered RO is much higher than that of solar powered MED. Performance metrics and units found in desalination literature are described. 1. INTRODUCTION The global capacity of desalination plants has been increasing at a rate of nearly 12% since the early 1970s, and was over 25 gigalitres per day by the year 2000 (Rostek, 2003). Desalination processes consume large amounts of energy, so that there is an impetus towards developing renewable energy powered processes at the medium to large scale; Garcia-Rodriguez