机电一体化专业英语教学课件 作者 黄星 夏玉波 Unit 4.pptVIP

Part I Technical and Practical Reading Passage A Hydraulic Machinery Hydraulic machinery is machines and tools which use fluid power to do work. In this type of machine, high-pressure liquid — called hydraulic fluid — is transmitted throughout the machine to various hydraulic motors and hydraulic cylinders. Hydraulic machinery is operated by the use of hydraulics, where a liquid is the powering medium. Pneumatics, on the other side, is based on the use of a gas as the medium for power transmission, generation and control. Force and torque multiplication A fundamental feature of hydraulic systems is the ability to apply force or torque multiplication in an easy way without the need of mechanical gears or levers, either by altering the effective areas in two connected cylinders or the effective displacement between a pump and motor. Both these examples are usually referred to as a hydraulic transmission or hydrostatic transmission involving a certain hydraulic gear ratio. Hydraulic circuits Open center circuits use pumps which supply a continuous flow. The flow is returned to tank through the control valves open center; that is, when the control valve is centered, it provides an open return path to tank and the fluid is not pumped to a high pressure. Closed center circuits supply full pressure to the control valves, whether any valves are actuated or not. The pumps vary their flow rate, pumping very little hydraulic fluid until the operator actuates a valve. The valves spool therefore doesnt need an open center return path to tank. Multiple valves can be connected in a parallel arrangement and system pressure is equal for all valves. Open and closed circuits Open-loop: Pump-inlet and motor-return (via the directional valve) are connected to the hydraulic tank. The term loop applies to feedback; the more correct term is open versus closed circuit. Closed-loop: Motor-return is conn