干草取样的正确方法.pdfVIP

Recommended Principles for Proper Hay Sampling 干草取样的正确方法 Dan Putnam, University of California, Davis Dan Putnam ，加州大学戴维斯分校 INTRODUCTION 前 言 Proper sampling of hay and forage is of tremendous importance to assure an accurate forage test. Remember, a lab test is only as good as the sample provided to the lab. Here’s the dilemma: Hundreds of thousands of pounds of highly variable plant material must be represented in a single, tiny, thumbnail-sized sample!! Often, the sample actually analyzed by the lab is often only ½ gram! This sample must not only represent the proper leaf-stem ratio and the legume/grass mix, but also reflect the spotty presence of weeds. Sampling variation is a significant problem in hay testing, and causes millions of dollars in lost revenue each year by either buyer, seller, or in animal performance. In practice, hay sampling produces more variation in results than does lab error. However, if sampling protocol is carefully followed, sampling variation can be reduced to an acceptable level, and the potential forage quality successfully predicted. The following steps have been compiled from various recommendations that have been in place for years and are widely considered to be the key elements of a standardized sampling protocol: 正确取样，对于准确测定干草和草料的营养组分极其重要。一定要记住，一个实验 室测出的结果是否准确，完全取决于你提供给它的样品是否具有代表性。保证取样的 准确性是一件很困难的事：成百上千公斤的一大堆的各不相同的干草植株，要用一个 极其微小量的样品作为代表。通常实验室分析的样品量只有0.5克。这个样品不仅要有 与实际情况类似的叶、茎比例，荚、草比例，还要反应大堆中并不均一的杂草的含量。 样品的偏差（代表性不强）是干草测试中的一个大问题，每年都会给买方或卖方、动 物养殖带来百万美元级的收入损失。在实际工作中，取样带来的误差远远大于实验室 测试的误差。然而，如果大家都能认真遵守一些取样的标准协议，取样带来的误差就 能降低到一个可以接受的水平，草料的真实质量就能准确预测。以下介绍的步骤是从 各种推荐方法中总结出来的，已经在实践中使用多年，被广泛认同作为标准取样协议 的几个关键原则： STANDARDIZED PROTOCOL TO ASSURE A REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLE OF HAY 确保干草取样具有代表性的标准协议 1. Identify a single ‘lot’ of hay.