化学化工专业英语（ 第三版） 教学课件 作者 符德学 主编 第五课.pptVIP

尚辅网 尚辅网 Lesson Five Distillation 第五课 蒸 馏 The separation operation called distillation utilizes vapor and liquid phases at essentially the same temperature and pressure for the coexisting zones. Various kinds of device such as dumped or ordered packings and plates or trays are used to bring the two phases into intimate contact. Trays are stacked one above the other and enclosed in a cylindrical shell to form a column. Packings are also generally contained in a cylindrical shell between hold - down and support plates. 蒸馏这种分离操作是利用在共存区内温度和压力基本相同的气液两相相互接触而进行的。各种设备，如有序或无序堆积的填料以及塔板或塔圆盘，被用来汽液两相直接接触。塔盘是一个叠放在另一个之上并附着在圆柱形壳体上，以形成一个圆柱体。在压板和支撑板间的填料一般也在圆柱形壳体内。 1．Continuous Distillation (Figure 7) The feed material, which is to be separated into fractions, is introduced at one or more points along the column shell?. Because of the difference in gravity between vapor and liquid phases, liquid runs down the column, cascading from tray to tray, while vapor flows up the column, contacting liquid at each tray?.?which引导非限制性定语从句，说明主语The feed material的状况—将被分离成多块。?while 引导状语从句，通常表示与主句形成对比。 1连续蒸馏 用于气液接触的材料被分离成多块，沿着柱体一个一个放置。由于气体和液体重力的差异，液体从一个塔板到另一个塔板向下流动，与此同时气体向上流动，在每个塔板上汽液直接接触。 Liquid reaching the bottom of the column is partially vaporized in a heated reboiler to provide boil-up, which is sent back up the column?. The remainder of the bottom liquid is withdrawn as bottoms, or bottom products.Vapor reaching top of the column is cooled and condensed to liquid in the overhead condenser. Part of this liquid is returned to the column as reflux to provide liquid overflow. The remainder of the overhead stream is withdrawn as distillate, or overhead product.?reaching现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰Liquid。which引导的非限制性定语从句，说明boil-up的状况。 塔底液体在再沸器中部分汽化，回到塔内，以提供上升气流。塔底剩余液体作为塔底产品排出。塔顶蒸汽被冷却并在塔顶冷凝器中冷凝成液体。部分冷凝液回流到塔内以提供塔内下降液体。塔顶蒸汽剩余部分作为塔顶产品流出。 This overall flow pattern in a distillation column provides countercurrent contacting of vapor and liquid streams on all the trays through the column. Vapor and liqu