chap2仿真与虚拟现实.ppt

System Simulation and VR Chap. 2 Simple examples Overview Example 1: one queue one server Example 2: one queue two servers Parameters, metrics, and measurements Conclusions Example 1 Perform a performance evaluation of a checkout counter in a store Objectives: Determine How long do customers have to wait? How many customers are in line? How much of the time is the cashier busy? Problem statement (cont’d) What are relevant parts? The person at the counter People waiting in line What are relevant parameters? How do customers arrive at the queue? How long does it take to serve a customer? How is the queue organized? Metrics = objectives in this example A simple model Map the real-world system parts to abstract representations A simple model - Algorithm How does such a checkout queue work? Server is idle (no customer present) If customer arrives, customer is serviced immediately, until completion Server is then busy until customer is completely served If no customer in queue, the server becomes idle Algorithm Server is busy If customer arrives, the customer joins the end of a queue When server becomes idle (a customer has been finished), server checks the queue If one or more customer wait in queue, the first customer leaves the queue and is now serviced Algorithm The state of the model changed due to two different kinds of events: Arrival of customers Customers finishing service and leaving the server Both kinds of events were processed/the state was manipulated according to the algorithm describing the model Input modeling Interarrival time distribution Input modeling Service time distribution Manual simulation Metrics Average waiting time for a customer =total time customers wait in queue/total numbers of customers The probability that a customer has to wait in the queue =number of customers who wait/total number of customers The fraction of idle time of the server =total idle time of server/total run time of simulation The average service time =total service