移动通信课件3.pdfVIP

Chapter 3 : Medium Access Control • Motivation • SDMA • FDMA • TDMA – Aloha/CSMA/ Reservation schemes/Collision avoidance, MACA/ Polling • CDMA – SAMA • Comparison Motivation for a specialized MAC Can we apply media access methods from aaaaaaaa fixed networks? e.g.Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection • send as soon as the medium is free, listen into the medium if a collision occurs (original method in IEEE 802.3) Problems in wireless networks • signal strength decreases proportional to the square of d • the sender would apply CS and CD, but the collisions happen at the receiver due to a second sender – it might be the case that a sender cannot “hear” the collision, i.e., CD does not work • furthermore, CS might not work if, e.g., a terminal is “hidden” hidden and exposed terminals Hidden terminals • A sends to B, C cannot receive A • C wants to send to B, C senses a “free” medium (CS fails) • collision at B, A cannot receive the collision (CD fails) • A is “hidden” for C Exposed terminals • B sends to A, C wants to send to another terminal (not A not B) • C has to wait, CS signals a medium in use • but A is outside the interference range of C, therefore waiting is not necessaryC is “exposed” to B near and far terminals Terminals A and B send, C receives • signal strength decreases proportional to the square of the distance • the signal of terminal B therefore drowns out A’s signal • C cannot receive A Access methods SDMA/FDMA SDMA (Space Division Multiple Access) • Allocate a separate space to users directed antennas • Algorithm is formed by cell and sectorized antennas FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access) • assign the same frequency to channels or change frequencies according to a certain patter