8. Optical processes in conjugated materials.ppt

Switch between different structures by applying mechanical force while monitoring the Langmuir monolayers optical spectra. The figure shows the chemical structures, conformations and spatial arrangements at the air–water interface of the polymer. Donor: σ-donor (electronegativity): symmetric destabilization π-donor: asymmetric destabilization Acceptor: σ-acceptor : symmetric stabilization π-acceptor : asymmetric stabilization Note that ”-O-CH3” acts as a globally as a donor. This is the results of a competition between its π-donor and σ-acceptor characters. Electrochromic Displays on Papers * 8. Optical processes in conjugated materials Full color display - Active matrix - 200 x 150 Pixels - 2 inch diagonal Cambridge Display Technology 8.1. Electron-Phonon Coupling E Q Absorption Relaxation effects Emission Ground state Lowest excitation state Excitations 8.1.1. Fluorescence Polyfluorene (F8) Carlos Silva, University of Cambridge - Weak self-absorption - Vibronic structure 8.1.2. Intrachain Exciton 1 2 3 4 5 6 3 2 3 4 6 2 6 4 4 4 Site number Lowest excited state INDO/SCI Exciton size Binding energy ? 0.3 eV Exciton=electron-hole pair Probability to find the e- and h+ at one site 8.2.1. Optical transition versus chain size The “conjugation length” is the length of the oligomer emitting the same luminescence spectrum as the polymer. While the polymer may easily be 10-100 times longer than a conjugation length, the chain is effectively operating as a sequence of conjugation lengths along a common string. This description is valid for the behaviour of absorption processes; where emission is relevant, the excited state is often more localized. Cornil, J. et al. Chem. Phys. Lett. (1997), 278, 139 1/m (m=number of bonds) absorption emission absorption emission 8.2. Conjugation length 8.2.1. Conformation changes Compression causes a transition from the face-on to the zipper structure, which breaks the conjugation, i.e. decreases the π-conjugation length and gen