Chapter 12 Translation of the Passive.ppt

Chapter 12 Translation of the Passive 教学内容与目的： 中英文被动式的特点比较及其翻译方法。 教学重点与难点： 英语被动式的各种翻译方法，如：被动式译成主动式（保留原句主语、转换原句被动式、补充主语、省略主语或译成无主句，等），保留被动式以及惯用被动式等。 教学方法： 多媒体教学，翻译技巧讲解与实践练习相结合。学时分配：5学时 一 中英文被动式比较 英文被动式使用频率高且多变体，可有不定式、it 引导被动，双重被动式以及主动表被动等，如： I want the letter （to be）typed at once. 我要这封信马上给打出来。 It is considered disgraceful to cheat in exams. 考试作弊是可耻的。The date is expected to be announced soon.估计日期不久就会宣布。These new products sell like hot cakes.这种新产品十分畅销。 中文被动式使用频率低，常用主动表示被动含义，如：问题解决了。The problem has been solved.地图挂在墙上。 The map was hung on the wall.这个问题将在以后予以讨论。 This question will be discussed later. 英文被动式的常用翻译方法 1译成中文主动式 1】保留原句主语 No reference books are to be taken out of the reading room withour permission, 任何参考书未经允许不得带出阅览室。 2】保留原句主语，译成“---是---的“的句型或补充 “加以”、“予以”，如： The rate of motion or the speed of an objectis given in units of length and time. 物体运动的速度使用长度和时间单位来表示的。It must be dealt with at the appropriate time.这必须在适当的时候予以处理。 3】保留原句主语并改换说法，如：The culture of antiquity was rediscovered.古代文化重见天日。 4】将原句的被动式动词转化成名词，如：40 ℃ was read from the thermometer.温度计上的读数是40 ℃。 5】补充主语 “有人“、“大家”、“人们”等，如： Voices were heard for help.有人听见呼救的声音。Nuclear power plants are said to be under preparation of construction.据说核电站正在筹建中。 6】译成汉语的无主句或主语省略句， 如： I have seen a small manufactory of this kind, where ten men only employed. 我见过这种小厂，只雇用了十个人 。 2 被动式译成被动式，添加“为” 、“被”、“遭受“等词语，如： In 1938, Engles, without having completed his studies at gymnastum, was forced by family circumstances to enter a commmercial house as a clerk.1938年，恩格斯为家庭条件所迫，高中还没有毕业就到一家商业机构当职员了。 3 惯用被动式翻译方法，如： It is learned that---据悉It is taken that----有人认为It is outlined that---概括地说It is understood that---不言而喻—It was felt that--- 人们认为 * * *