Chapter 7 Inference.ppt

Chapter 7: Inference  In This Chapter You Will Answer the Questions: What is an inference, and what does it mean to read between the lines? What is the connotation of a word? Why do authors use figurative language, and how can understanding it enhance comprehension? Why is prior knowledge needed for implied meaning? How does a reader draw conclusions? What Is An Inference? Inferential level deals with: Motives Feelings Judgements Suggestion artistic creative entertaining Connotation of Words Denotation is the specific meaning of a word. Connotation refers to the feeling or emotionalism surrounding a word. Ex: skinny communicates a negative feeling . Ex: slender or slim communicates a positive feeling . Euphemisms and Politically Correct Language A euphemism is a substitution of a harsh term for one more polite. Example: “He passed away” instead of “He died.” Politically correct language or doublespeak is used to hide something unpleasant. Example: Using “collateral damage” instead of “civilian casualties.” Figurative Language Figurative language comparisons that are not literally true. Ex: “She worked like a dog” Idioms Similes Metaphors Literary Analogies Hyperbole or Overstatement Personification Verbal Irony Idioms Idioms are expressions that do not make literal sense but have taken on a new generally accepted meaning over many years of use. Ex: his eyes were bigger than his stomach Similes A simile is a comparison of two unlike things using the words like or as. Ex: the spring flower pushed up its bloom like a lighthouse beckoning on a gloomy night. Metaphors A metaphor is a direct comparison of two unlike things without using like or as . Ex: The corporate accountant is a computer from nine to five. Literary Analogy A literary analogy is a comparison of two unlike things that can be a simile or a metaphor. Example: “Time is like a river.” Hyperbole Hyperbole or overstatement is an exaggeration to describe something as being more tha