CS 294-7 Introduction to Packet Radio Networks.ppt

CS 294-7: Introduction to Packet Radio Networks Professor Randy H. Katz CS Division University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, CA 94720-1776 ? 1996 Packet Radio Networks Fixed or mobile nodes that communicate via radios Advantages: Fast (re)deployment and set-up of network Ability to support mobile nodes Disadvantage: complications due to Communications medium Dynamic nature of the network topology Half duplex operation Single hop vs. multi-hop Ad-hoc networks vs. fixed networks Historical Perspective:ARPA Packet Radio Program Program initiated in 1973 Geographically distributed network Array of packet radios and minicomputer-based “stations” Deployed in SF Bay Area in 1975 Experimental packet radio (EPR) 100, 400 kbps (128/32 chips per bit respectively) Use lower data rate in worse multipath environments Operates in half duplex mode Upgraded packet radio (UPR) Bit-by-bit PN variability in the waveform Agile spreading factors to improve LPI/LPJ Implemented FEC rather than ARQ Low cost packet radio (LPR) Cost reduced version of UPR (1986) Complexity Issues in Packet Radio Networks Packet Radio Network Topology Issues in PR Network Design Physical/Link Layer Physical Connectivity Depends on RF propagation charactistics Frequency choice Distance between nodes (LOS vs. OTH) Antenna height and directionality Terrain type Xmit power Interference Bandwidth-Time-Space Management Frequency, time, code, spatial reuse of bandwidth resources Channel Access (Narrowband Systems) Random Access (e.g., Aloha, CSMA schemes) Reserved Access (e.g., Reservation, Demand Assignment Schemes) Issues in PR Network Design Physical/Link Layer (cont.) Channel Access (Spread Spectrum Systems) Code division schemes Common preamble for all transmitters AKA broadcast reception (space-homogeneous preamble code assignment) Receiver-directed preamble code assignment directed towards a specific receiver Similar choices for data portion of packet--once a receiver is locked on to a packet, other ov