CS 294-7 Routing in Packet Radio Networks.ppt

CS 294-7: Routing in Packet Radio Networks Professor Randy H. Katz CS Division University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, CA 94720-1776 ? 1996 Packet Radio Network Schemes(ARPA PR Program) Passive Acknowledgments Half duplex operation: transmit packet, go into receive mode, receive ack, receive next packet, go into transmit mode, repeat Original sender hears forwarding transmission from next hop node in the route: Power control: transmit with enough power to be heard at D as well as F Packet Radio Network Schemes(ARPA PR Program) Alternative Routing on Retransmission Packet contains header for next node on route After multiple tries, if no ack, header changed to indicate that ANY closer node to ultimate destination may forward the packet Packet Radio Network Schemes(ARPA PR Program) Filtering Based on Overheard Traffic Alternative routing scheme can cause undesirable packet flooding (i.e., multiple nodes forwarding on the same packet) If packet is queued at a node X, and X hears the same packet sent from a different node, it assumes an implicit ack and removes the packet from its send queue Packet Radio Network Issues Channel Access and Hidden Terminals Throughput Assume uniform traffic, slotted Aloha access method, K average neighbors, and H average # of hops For single hop, implies .36/K * available ch b/w For multihop, implies .36/(H * K) Must also add ack and retransmission overheads For a given radio on a packet path, must receive packet, retransmit packet, and receive ack: max 1/3 of available b/w Clearly works best when traffic is bursty! Connectivity Poor channels implies link layer ack schemes Exchange of connectivity packets: Link quality = ?(packets received, total packets sent) Must be able to deal with network partitions Packet Radio Network Issues Broadcast Nature of Radio Channels Nodes can overhear the forwarding of packets by other nodes This capability can be exploited to Send network-control traffic to all neighbors Support algorithms