一种开放环境下的软件可靠性评估方法.doc

一种开放环境下的软件可靠性评估方法*) 陆 文1，2 徐 锋1，2 吕 建1，2 （南京大学计算机软件新技术国家重点实验室， 江苏南京 210093）1 （南京大学计算机软件研究所， 江苏南京 210093）2 摘 要 目前的软件系统运行环境正朝着更加开放的方向发展，这种开放性对原有的软件开发技术，包括软件可靠性评估方法提出了挑战。一些基于软件测试和模拟的方法由于效率上的不足而不再适用；而另一些方法，例如基于状态的可靠性评估方法，虽然在效率上有了很大的提高，但在适用范围上又存在着不足，比如对含并行结构的系统就不能很好的处理。为此，该文在基于状态的可靠性评估方法的基础上，提出了一种改进的可靠性评估方法，以兼顾效率和适用范围两个方面。该方法首先描述了如何用Petri网作为软件体系结构的描述工具，使得各种复杂结构的系统都能被很好的描述，并方便具体计算过程的介绍；接着介绍了一种自底向上的可靠性计算过程，来高效并准确的计算出系统的可靠性，该过程能对并行结构进行分解和综合计算；同时，该方法还可以估算出组件对系统的重要性，从而大大的增强了可靠性评估在软件开发中所起的作用。 关键词 软件可靠性，开放环境，体系结构，组件重要性 An Approach of Software Reliability Evaluation in the Open Environment LU Wen1，2 X Feng1，21，2 ( State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology，Naning University，Nanjing，Jiangsu 210093，China)1 (Institute of Computer Software，Nanjing University，Nanjing，Jiangsu 210093，China))2xf@, Abstract Nowadays software environment has been more and more open than before, the openness of environment has greatly influenced many existing software development techniques, including software reliability evaluation. Due to the weakness in efficiency, methods based on testing or simulations are not competent in the open environment; other methods, such as the state-based methods, are more efficient, but are unable to deal with the systems with concurrency. So this paper tries to put forward an improved reliability evaluation method which can do better in both efficiency and applicability. This method first describes how to use Petri nets as software architecture description; and then introduces a bottom-up way to calculate the system’s reliability, the calculation process can be done efficiently and accurately, and can also deal with systems with concurrency, which can hardly be handled by existing methods; the method can also generate information reflecting the component’s importance to the whole system, which can make software reliability evaluation play a more important role in software development. Keywords Software reliability, Open environment, Software archite