多元系统应用与评述.pptVIP

Comments and Application Polysystem Theory 文献综述 Of all the papers written on Polysystem, which one should you start with? 2002 年第4 期《中国翻译》张南峰教授的译文《多元系统论》 Itamar Even-Zohar He first introduced the term “polysystem” for the aggregate(总数） of literary systems （including everything from “high” or “canonized” forms (e.g. innovative verse) such as poetry to “low” or “non-canonized” forms (e.g., children’s literature and popular fiction) in a given culture. Even-Zohar recognized both the “primary” (creating new items and models) as well as “secondary” (reinforcing existing items and models) importance of translated literature in literary history Key ideas 以翻译文学为例，它处于中心时，往往参与创造一级模式，不惜打破本国的传统规范;处于边缘时，则常常套用本国文学中现成的二级模式。前者的翻译策略，着重译文的“充分性”，后者则着重“可接受性”。 How do you understand this? Could you explain the foreignization and domestication strategies according to the above saying? So When central, foreignization? When marginal domestication? 不同的翻译策略，只反映不同文化语境下的翻译规范，而规范并没有正确错误之分，而只有是否得到官方文化认可的问题。 多元系统论的原则之一，是绝不以价值判断为准则来预先选择研究对象。这原则对文学研究尤其重要，因为仍然有人混淆文学批评与学术研究(research)。我们如果接受多元系统的假说，我们就必须同时接受，对译学多元系统的历史研究不能局限于所谓“名著”，虽然有些人会认为“名著”是文学研究唯一的存在理由。这种精英主义与文学的历史研究是不能兼容的，就如普通历史再也不能等于帝王将相的传记一样。换而言之，我们既然致力卜寻找文学的机制，似乎就无法不承认，任何时代所流行的价值判断，本身也是这种机制的组成部分。无论是非常“科学性”还是略带“科学性”的研究领域，都不能按照品味的规范来选择研究对象。 I tell you I must go! I retorted, roused to something like passion. Do you think I can stay to become nothing to you? Do you think I am an automaton?- a machine without feelings? and can bear to have my morsel of bread snatched from my lips, and my drop of living water dashed from my cup? Do you think, because I am poor, obscure, plain, and little, I am soulless and heartless? You think wrong! “我告诉你我非走不可！”我回驳着，感情很有些冲动。 “你难道认为，我会留下来甘愿做一个对你来说无足轻重的人？你以为我是一架机器？——一架没有感情的机器？能够容忍别人把一口面包从我嘴里抢走，把一滴生命之水从我杯子里泼掉？ — I have as much soul as you — and full as much heart! And if God had gifted me with some beauty and much wealth, I should have made it as hard for you to leave me, as it is now for me to leave you. I am