教育技术专业英语原文.docVIP

Section B Many current instructional models suggest that the most effective learning environments are those that are problem-based and involve the students in four distinct phases of learning. 许多当前的教学模型表明,最有效的学习环境,具体问题具体分析并涉及学习的学生在四个不同的阶段Current 当前的 n. （水，气，电）流；趋势；涌流 adj. 现在的；流通的，通用的；最近的；草写的 M模型activation of prior experience 激活的经验demonstration of skills 示范的技能integration of these skills into real-world activities. 这些技能融入现实世界的活动。much instructional practice concentrates primarily on phase 2 and ignores the other phases in this cycle of learning. 很多教学实践主要集中在第二阶段,而忽略了其他阶段在这个学习的周期。Ignores 忽略了Cycle n. 周期 vi. 循环 vt.使循环 at the top level，the instructional design prescriptions based on first principles are as follows：在顶层,基于第一原理的教学设计处方如下learning is facilitated when learners are engaged in solving real-world problems. 学习是促进学习者从事解决现实世界的问题Facilitated v. 促进；帮助（facilitate的过去分词）；使有利发展engaged in 从事于，忙于 2，learning is facilitated when existing knowledge is activated as a foundation for new knowledge. 学习现有知识被激活时促进新知识的基础。Activate vi.激活 Foundation n.基础，基金会。 3，learning is facilitated when new knowledge is demonstrated to the learner. 4，learning is facilitated when new knowledge is applied by the learner. Applied v. 应用；实施（apply的过去分词）；敷上 adj. 应用的；实用的 learning is facilitated when new knowledge is integrated into the learners world. 学习是促进新知识时集成到学习者的世界。integrated into 集成到。 Section C there are several characteristics that should be present in all instructional design efforts: 有几个特征,应该出现在所有教学设计工作 instructional design is learner-centered教学设计是为中心Learner-centered instruction means that the learner and his or her performance are the focal point of all instruction. 有效教学意味着学习者和他她的性能是所有指令的焦点。Teaching and other forms of instruction are simply means to the end of learner performance. 教学和其他形式的指令仅仅意味着学习者的表现hus, there may be no initial assumption that a live teacher is even needed for the learner to achieve the stated objectives. 因此,可能没有初始假设一个生活老师甚至需要学习者实现所规定的目标。instructional design is go